尤·米·洛特曼符号学中文化类型学描述的元语言  

The Meta-language of Typological Descriptions of Culture in the Semiotics of Yu.M.Lotman

作　　者：阿·克·伊·扎布利奥尼泽 管月娥[2] A·K·I Zabulionite;Guan Yue-e

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯圣彼得堡国立大学文理学院 [2]南京师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯文艺》2024年第1期143-160,共18页Russian Literature & Arts

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金重大项目“尤里·洛特曼著作集汉译与研究”(21&ZD284)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文探讨了洛特曼文化理论的“符号域”概念和文化类型学描述的元语言的形成过程,对其结构主义特征展开分析,同时将之与法国结构主义者列维-斯特劳斯和福柯的经典概念进行对比,并在不同的哲学和方法论思想流派--两者择一的科学研究方案机械论和有机论中探寻文化类型学,对洛特曼描述文化的类型学元语言的探索潜能与边界进行评价。洛特曼将“文本”理解为一种开放结构,对其概念进行了重新思考。在洛特曼看来,文本只有沉浸于符号域才能发挥作用,并以对话为前提,其特征可以通过与巴赫金的“对话”概念进行比较而彰显。巴赫金的对话交际主体是个人,持的是存在主义立场,而洛特曼的对话交际主体是语言,持的是整体性语言立场,他将关注点由个人转向文化。在对历史主义问题进行探讨时,洛特曼提出有必要创建人文知识的精确科学语言,强调文化类型学描述的元语言的工具性特征,同时还构想出两种类型学思想以建立跨文化交际的概念模型。The article deals with the formation of Y.M.Lotman's semiosphere concept(theory of culture)and the meta-language of typological descriptions of culture.The peculiarities of Lotman's structuralism are analysed,its comparison with classical concepts of French structuralists(C.Levi-Strauss,M.Foucault)is carried out.Attention is drawn to Lotman's rethinking of the concept of text as an open structure(as the intersection of two points of view),which functions only when immersed in the semiosphere and implies the problematics of dialogue,the peculiarities of which are revealed in comparison with M.M.Bakhtin's concept of dialogue.It is noted that Bakhtin's subject of communication is the individual(existential position),whereas Lotman's is language(holistic linguistic position,shifting attention from the individual to culture).In comprehending the problem of historicism,Lotman sets the task of creating a strict scientific language of humanitarian knowledge(pure language of science that does not coincide with the object being described).The instrumentalist character of the typological meta-language of the language of cultural description is revealed.He proposes the idea of two typologies for conceptual modelling of intercultural communication.The heuristic possibilities and limits of Lotman's typological metalanguage of cultural description are evaluated in the context of the search for typology of cultures in different directions of philosophical and methodological thought,first of all,in two alternative scientific programmes:mechanicism(rationalistic,system-quantitative scientific programme)and organicism(qualitative scientific programme oriented to the development of a conceptual apparatus sensitive to the uniqueness of cultures/civilisations).

关 键 词：洛特曼 文化类型学 元语言 符号域 对话 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论] G0[文化科学]