儿童前瞻记忆:执行功能的作用  

Children’s Prospective Memory:The Role of Executive Functions

作　　者：辛聪 刘国雄 程黎[2,3] Xin Cong;Liu Guoxiong;Cheng Li(School of Psychology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing,210097;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875;Developmental and Educational Research Center for Children’s Creativity,Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学心理学院,南京210097 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [3]北京师范大学教育学部儿童创造力发展与教育研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第6期1360-1367,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：北京师范大学教育学部国际联合研究项目(ICER201904)的资助。

摘　　要：前瞻记忆是指在未来某一恰当时间或情境中,记得完成先前计划好的事件或活动的记忆。受认知发展水平限制,执行功能各子成分(工作记忆、抑制控制、认知灵活性)在儿童前瞻记忆加工过程中起不同作用。其中,工作记忆在意向编码和维持阶段发挥重要作用,该成分对前瞻记忆的影响主要在儿童早期。而抑制控制和认知灵活性则在意向提取和执行阶段中起关键作用,这两个子成分对前瞻记忆的影响主要在儿童中后期。未来在考察儿童前瞻记忆与执行功能关系时需改进研究方法,选取适合儿童的任务范式和理论模型,在同一样本中对不同类型前瞻记忆综合探究并增加纵向研究证据。另外,还需深入考察不同类型前瞻记忆与执行功能的关系,并进一步揭示执行功能对儿童前瞻记忆成分及各加工阶段的影响。Prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to perform a delayed intention at an appropriate time or situation in the future,such as remembering to return a book to the library tomorrow morning or to take a daily medication.Over the course of childhood,a key developmental task is to gain independence from parents and caregivers to become increasingly autonomous.Children are not sufficiently capable of completing future intentions independently early on and often need help from their parents and caregivers to complete future intention activities.As they enter school age,children are expected to be able to complete prospective memory tasks independently.If children are unable to complete these tasks,their academic performance may be negatively affected.And as the transition from kindergarten to primary school requires more and more self-management skills from children,it follows that prospective memory is a key factor in children’s development independent of their caregivers.Children’s prospective memory is an important expression of their developing independence,and good prospective memory is beneficial to their future growth and development.The development of prospective memory follows an inverted U-shape function from childhood to old age,with young and middle-aged adults having peak prospective memory.Executive functions,the conscious control of thought and action,develops rapidly in early childhood.Executive functions capacities are linked to successful prospective memory.Firstly,both are related to making and executing plans,and both take action to achieve goals.Secondly,developmental psychology research suggests that executive functions and prospective memory have similar developmental trajectories.Finally,patients with damage to brain regions associated with executive function also have deficits in prospective memory.Both depend on a similar brain network structure,namely the prefrontal regions.The successful execution of children’s prospective memory relies on executive functions,and the var

关 键 词：儿童 前瞻记忆 执行功能 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]