市域列车牵引变压器声辐射特性与降噪措施分析  

Sound radiation characteristics and noise reduction measure of a traction transformer used in the municipal train

作　　者：黄佳程 肖新标[1] 王奇 杜星 周顺元 都业林 HUANG Jiacheng;XIAO Xinbiao;WANG Qi;DU Xing;ZHOU Shunyuan;DU Yelin(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Urban Rail Development Department,CRRC Dalian Locomotive&Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116022,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学电气工程学院,成都610031 [3]中车大连机车车辆有限公司城铁开发部,辽宁大连116022

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第2期334-342,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1934203);四川省科技计划项目(2020YJ0254);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题(2019TPL_Q02)。

摘　　要：为了研究牵引变压器对市域列车车内噪声的影响,建立了牵引变压器电磁场-结构力场-压力声场的多物理场耦合模型和车内噪声仿真模型,分别通过变压器辐射试验和车内噪声试验验证了牵引变压器和车内噪声仿真模型的有效性。牵引变压器噪声仿真模型考虑了铁心材料的各向异性与磁致伸缩的非线性,车内噪声仿真模型考虑了车体结构特征。为了降低变压器对车内噪声的影响,根据牵引变压器辐射噪声产生机理与现场试验结果,从变压器的结构与电磁参数两方面提出了降噪措施。基于所建立的变压器和车内噪声仿真模型,对降噪措施进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明:铁心刚度增加60%与磁通密度降低10%的降噪方案,降噪效果最明显,车内噪声总值分别降低了8.2 dB(A)与4.4 dB(A),且降低铁心磁通密度在50~5000 Hz内对噪声均存在抑制作用;夹件垂向刚度与夹件横向刚度分别增加80%与60%的降噪方案,也可有效降低牵引变压器辐射噪声总值,但仅能抑制一定频率范围内的噪声。In order to study the influence of traction transformer sound radiation on the interior noise of a municipal train,a multi-physical field coupling model considering the coupling among the electromagnetic field,structural force field and pressure sound field of the traction transformer and a simulation model of vehicle interior noise were established.The effectiveness of the traction transformer and the car body simulation models was verified by the transformer radiation tests and the interior noise tests respectively.In the noise simulation model of the traction transformer,the anisotropy of core material and the nonlinearity of magnetostrictive were considered and in the interior noise simulation model,the structural characteristics of the car body were considered.In order to reduce the influence of the transformer sound radiation on vehicle interior noise,according to the radiation noise generation mechanism and field test results on the traction transformer,noise reduction measures were proposed from two aspects of the structural and electromagnetic parameters of the transformer.Based on the established transformer and vehicle noise simulation models,the noise reduction measures were simulated and analyzed.The results show that the noise reduction effect is the most obvious when the core stiffness increases by 60%and the magnetic flux density decreases by 10%.The total noise in the vehicle is reduced by 8.2 dB(A)and 4.4 dB(A)respectively.Reducing the core flux density has an inhibitory effect on noise in the range of 50-5000 Hz.The noise reduction scheme of 80%increase of vertical clamp stiffness and 60%increase of transverse clamp stiffness can also effectively reduce the total radiated noise of the traction transformer,but only in a certain frequency range.

关 键 词：市域列车 牵引变压器 声辐射 车内噪声 降噪 

分 类 号：TM41[电气工程—电器]