重度认知障碍学生学业评估的数字化转型——基于美国动态学习地图的分析  

Digital Transformation of Academic Assessment for Students with Severe Cognitive Disability——An Analysis Based on Dynamic Learning Maps in the United States

作　　者：程胜男 魏寿洪[1,2,3] CHENG Shengnan;WEI Shouhong(Faculty of Education,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Psychological Diagnosis and Educational Technology for Children with Special Needs,Chongqing,401331;Autism Research Centre,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学教育科学学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆市特殊儿童心理诊断与教育技术重点实验室,重庆401331 [3]重庆师范大学自闭症儿童研究中心,重庆401331

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2023年第11期88-96,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2022年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究重大项目“智能媒体时代残疾青少年社交媒体使用技能的评估及干预研究”(项目批准号:22SKGH079);2022年重庆市语言文字科研一般项目“孤独症儿童隐喻能力康复训练研究”(项目批准号:yyk22204);2022年重庆市教育科学“十四五”规划重点课题“特殊教育‘医教康’结合一体化运行模式研究”(项目批准号:K22YB20514)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在融合教育背景下,随着教育数字化的不断发展,美国各州都已开发出适用于评估重度认知障碍学生学业成就的替代性评估系统。其中,动态学习地图是应用频率最高的替代性评估系统之一。动态学习地图的构成要素包括概念领域、基本要素、链接水平等内容,其实施流程涵盖了组建评估团队、筛选学生、确定参评学生所需辅助支持、选择评估类型、安排实施评估、形成评估报告六个步骤。采用动态学习地图对重度认知障碍学生进行评估展现了他们真实的学业水平,提高了对重度认知障碍学生的学业期望,为教师提供了实际有效的教学支持。但在实施过程中也面临着诸多挑战:评估内容难度划分的合理性有待进一步验证、教师的评估素养有待提高且评估全程涉及伦理及社会道德问题。美国开发的在线学业评估系统的经验与不足为我国特殊学生的学业评估数字化转型在开发评估系统、组建评估团队等方面提供了借鉴。In the context of inclusive education and with the continuous development of education digitization,all states in the United States have developed altermative assessment systems suitable for assessing the academic achievement of students with severe cognitive disability.Among them,the Dynamic Learning Maps is one of the most frequently used online alternative assessment systems.It includes Conceptual Area,Essential Elements,Linkage Levels,and so forth.The implementation process involves six steps:building an assessment team,screening students,determining the auxiliary support needed for students,choosing the type of assessment,ar-ranging and implementing the assessment,and forming assessment report.The use of dynamic leaning maps to assess the students with severe cognitive disabilities shows their real academic level,raises the academic expecta-tions of students with severe cognitive disability,and provides teachers with practical and effective teaching sup-port.However,there are many challenges in the implementation process:the reasonableness of the dificulty di-vision of the assessment content needs to be further verified,the assessment literacy of teachers needs to be im-proved,and the whole assessment process involves ethical and social moral issues.The online academic assess-ment system developed in the United States provides a reference for the digital transformation of academic assess-ment for special students in China,in the development of assessment systems and the establishment of assessment teams.

关 键 词：美国 替代性评估 教育数字化 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]