德性是知识吗——《美诺》与《尼各马可伦理学》的差异研究  

Is Virtue Knowledge——An Inquiry Based on the Meno and the Nicomachean Ethics

作　　者：任梓远 Ren Ziyuan

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学马克思主义学院 [2]复旦大学

出　　处：《理论界》2023年第12期65-70,共6页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：人们一般会把“德性是知识”这一命题归到苏格拉底的名下,但他实际主张的是:“德性是智慧”。在柏拉图的《美诺》篇中,苏格拉底认为人无法获取智慧,我们需要不断审察诸意见才能趋向于智慧。苏格拉底借此提醒我们,这种审察本身就是属人生活中至关重要的事情,也是最好的生活方式。在《尼各马可伦理学》中,亚里士多德首先借伦理德性来反驳苏式命题,后来又通过明智德性认可苏格拉底的主张。这样的论述方式建立在亚里士多德预定努力的结果,他尽可能地延迟对苏格拉底的认可。在此过程中,亚里士多德完成了对诸伦理德性的论述,以此捍卫习惯和行为的重要性;同时告诫人们,只有伦理德性结合明智才能使人获取幸福,而沉思智慧的生活则是人们应该不断追寻的。通过对两个文本的差异研究,可以更加深入地理解“德性是知识”这一命题的哲学内涵。People generally attribute the proposition"virtue is knowledge"to Socrates,but what he actually advocates is"virtue is wisdom".Socrates be-lieves that people cannot acquire wisdom,and we need to constantly examine opinions in order to become wise.Socrates reminds us that this kind of ex-amination itself is a vital matter in a person's life,,and it isalsot the best way of living.InNicomark Ethics,Aristotlefirstrefutes sSocrates proposi-tions by virtue of ethics,,and later approves Socrates"propositions byvirtue ofwise virtue.This way of discourse isbased 1 onthe result Itof Aristotle's predetermined efforts;hedelays the recognitionofSocrates as much as possi-ble.Inthe process,Aristotle completedthediscussion of virtues of character to defendthe importance of habits and behaviors.At the same time,he warned people that only virtues of character combined with wisdom can make people happy,and they should contemplate a life of wisdom.It is what people should keep pursuing.By studying the differences between the two texts,we can have a deeper understanding of the philosophical connota-tion ofthe proposition"virtue isknowledge".

关 键 词：德性 知识 智慧 明智 伦理德性 

分 类 号：B1[哲学宗教—世界哲学]