共享汽车驾驶员适宜H点和座椅参数实验研究  

An Experimental Study on Optimal H-Point and Seat Parameters for Shared Car Drivers

作　　者：王军年[1] 程川泰 高菲[1] 付铁军[1] 任金东[1] Wang Junnian;Cheng Chuantai;Gao Fei;Fu Tiejun;Ren Jindong(Jilin University,State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control,Changchun 130022)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学,汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室,长春130022

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第1期39-49,共11页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52272365);吉林省自然科学基金(20220101200JC)资助。

摘　　要：共享汽车具有车型统一、用户多变且使用频率高的特点,为提升共享汽车使用效率和驾乘体验,研发一种能根据驾驶员特征自动调节舒适坐姿的智能座椅意义重大。本文针对用户座椅调节存在的主观任意性导致的座椅舒适性问题,结合共享汽车智能座椅项目,以座椅H点前后位置、H点高低位置、坐垫角和靠背角4个变量为研究因子进行台架实验,分别研究5th、50th和95th百分位驾驶员的座椅舒适性受座椅参数的影响规律。首先,每个研究因子在参考车型范围内均匀选取3个实验水平,采用正交实验表对实验次数进行简化,确定正交实验须进行的组数并进行正交台架实验。实验人员对每组的座椅舒适性进行主观评价,同时通过压力测量仪和数显角度尺测量实验人员的体压分布信息和关节角度信息;其次,通过聚类分析确定了本文采用的以关节角度为客观参数的主客观舒适性评价体系,通过正交实验分析,得出了不同座椅参数对座椅舒适性的影响存在差异的结论,且随着驾驶员百分位的变化,对座椅舒适性造成影响的参数也在发生变化;最后,对正交实验所得数据进行修正拟合,构建了座椅适宜H点位置预测模型和靠背角度预测模型。The shared cars have the characteristics of standardized vehicle models,diverse users,and high frequency of usage.To enhance the efficiency of shared car usage and the driving experience,the development of an intelligent seat that can automatically adjust the comfortable sitting posture based on the driver's characteris⁃tics has significant importance.For the issue of subjective and arbitrary seat adjustments that lead to discomfort for drivers,in conjunction with the intelligent seat project for shared cars,bench experiments are carried out taking the four variables of H-point fore-aft position,H-point vertical position,seat cushion angle,and backrest angle as the research factors in this paper.The study examines the impact of seat parameters on seat comfort for drivers at the 5th,50th,and 95th percentiles.Firstly,three experimental levels are chosen for each research factor within the ref⁃erence vehicle range.Orthogonal experimental design is employed to simplify the number of experiments required.The required number of orthogonal groups is determined,and orthogonal bench experiments are conducted.Experi⁃mental participants subjectively evaluate the seat comfort for each group.Additionally,pressure mapping on the seat cushion and angle measurements using a digital angle gauge are employed to collect information of participants'pressure distribution and joint angles.Secondly,clustering analysis is conducted to determine the subjective and ob⁃jective comfort evaluation system employed in this study,using joint angle as the objective parameter.Through the analysis of the orthogonal experiments,it is concluded that different seat parameters have varying effect on seat com⁃fort.Furthermore,the parameters that affect seat comfort also vary with changes in the driver's percentile.Finally,the data obtained from the orthogonal experiments are adjusted and fitted to establish the prediction models for the optimal H-point position and backrest angle of the seat.

关 键 词：共享汽车 座椅舒适性 正交实验 舒适性评价 预测模型 

分 类 号：U463.836[机械工程—车辆工程]