车辆载荷下钢弹簧浮置板轨道振动特性分析  

Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Steel Spring Floating Slab Tracks under Vehicle Loads

作　　者：王文波[1] 关庆华[1] 温泽峰[1] WANG Wenbo;GUAN Qinghua;WEN Zefeng(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2024年第1期212-219,共8页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52002343);四川省科技计划资助项目(2023NSFSC0399,2019YFH0053);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目(2020TPL-T02)。

摘　　要：建立车辆-钢弹簧浮置板轨道垂向耦合振动有限元模型,分析车载作用下的浮置板轨道和车辆垂向振动特性。结果表明,钢轨和车体垂向振动在浮置板1阶弯曲频率(10 Hz)、P2共振频率、部分阶次的轮对弯曲频率及车轮辐板模态频率处存在明显峰值,其中车体振动在车体浮沉频率(1 Hz左右)处也存在明显峰值。扣件刚度和阻尼的影响主要在轮对1阶弯曲频率以内的车辆-轨道系统耦合振动行为,扣件阻尼在高频处对轨道垂向振动也有较大影响。钢弹簧刚度和阻尼主要影响浮置板1阶弯曲频率附近的车辆和轨道响应,对车辆运行平稳性影响显著。车辆悬挂参数及车体和构架质量对轨道振动基本无影响,簧下质量通过P2共振以及系统约束下的轮对1阶弯曲和辐板对称伞形模态影响轨道振动。增大一系悬挂刚度和阻尼以及二系悬挂阻尼会增大中高频的车体垂向振动加速度,二系悬挂刚度主要影响车体浮沉频率附近的车体垂向振动。车体、构架和簧下质量对车体浮沉运动、浮置板1阶弯曲和P2共振处的车体振动加速度峰值有影响。A finite element model of vertical coupling vibration of vehicle and steel spring floating slab track is established to analyze their vertical vibration characteristics under the action of vehicle loads.The research results show that the vertical vibrations of the rail and the carbody have obvious peaks at the first order bending frequency(10 Hz)of the floating slab,the P2 resonance frequency,some modal frequencies of wheelset bending and wheel web.The vibration of the carbody has also an obvious peak at about 1 Hz.The influence of fastener stiffness and damping is mainly below the first order bending frequency of the wheelset,and the fastener damping also has a great influence on the vertical vibration of the track at high frequencies.The influence of steel spring stiffness and damping on the vehicle and track responses is mainly around the first order bending frequency of the floating slab,which affects significantly the ride comfort of the vehicle.The vehicle suspension parameters as well as the masses of the carbody and bogie frame have little effect on the track vibration.The unsprung mass affects the track vibration through the P2 resonance,the first order bending of the wheelset under system constraints,and the symmetrical umbrella mode of the wheel web.Increasing the stiffness and damping of the primary suspension and the damping of the secondary suspension will increase the vertical vibration acceleration of the carbody at medium and high frequencies.The secondary suspension stiffness mainly affects the vertical vibration of the carbody at the bouncing frequency of the carbody.The carbody,bogie frame and unsprung mass have some influence on the carbody′s bouncing motion,the first order bending of the floating plate and the peak vibration acceleration of the car-body at P2 resonance.

关 键 词：振动与波 钢弹簧浮置板轨道 车辆 系统参数 振动特性 模态分析 平稳性 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程] U211.3[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]