NFT洗钱犯罪模式与反洗钱监管  

NFTs Money Laundering Crime Models and Anti-money Laundering Regulation

作　　者：梁胜 李松岩[1] 刘国兴 LIANG Sheng;LI Songyan;LIU Guoxing(Academy of Freshmen,People’s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学本科新生院,北京100038

出　　处：《中国人民警察大学学报》2024年第2期29-37,共9页Journal of China People's Police University

摘　　要：随着NFT交易规模、交易平台和交易网络的逐渐扩大,NFT被用于进行洗钱犯罪的风险也逐渐增长。NFT具有实体关联匿名性、交易成本费用较低、市场价格不确定性等特性,加之法律政策监管不确定和监管制度漏洞,使其可以天然地替代传统艺术品,成为洗钱犯罪市场的新宠。犯罪人员利用NFT进行的“自买自卖”清洗交易模式成为当前洗钱犯罪的一般模式,其中蕴含着洗钱犯罪、操纵证券期货市场犯罪、帮助信息网络犯罪和虚拟货币违法交易等刑事风险,亟须监管和治理方明确监管政策导向并建立法律合规框架,探索分类监管体系和规范二级市场治理,通过强化客户身份调查和多部门反洗钱协作,实现NFT市场的合规治理和监管。With the gradual expansion of NFTs transaction scale,trading platforms and trading network,the risk of NFT being used for money laundering also gradually increases.Due to their characteristics of anonymity of entity association,low transaction costs,market price uncertainty,etc.,coupled with the uncertainty of legal and policy supervision and the loopholes of regulatory system,NFTs can naturally replace the traditional art,and become the new favorite of the money laundering crime market.The mode of self-buying and self-selling laundering transaction conducted by criminals using NFTs has become common pattern of money laundering crime,involving criminal risks such as money laundering,manipulation of the securities and futures markets,aiding information network crimes and illegal transaction of virtual currencies.It is imperative for regulators and administrators to clarify regulatory policy guidance and establish a legal compliance framework,explore classified regulatory systems and standardize the governance of the secondary market,and achieve the compliance governance and supervision of the NFT market by strengthening customer identity investigation and multi-sector anti-money laundering cooperation.

关 键 词：NFT洗钱 犯罪特征 刑事风险 反洗钱 合规治理 

分 类 号：DF793[政治法律—诉讼法学]