高速列车追尾碰撞时乘员头颈部损伤力学响应与风险评估  

Mechanical response and risk assessment of head and neck injury in high-speed train rear-end collision

作　　者：于振浩 敬霖 黄志辉[1] YU Zhenhao;JING Lin;HUANG Zhihui(State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,610031 Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《应用力学学报》2024年第1期77-89,共13页Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.12122211);四川省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2022NSFSC0035)。

摘　　要：基于代表我国50th百分位男性人体特征的假人模型,构建了列车-假人一体化被动安全性仿真分析有限元模型,分析了列车追尾碰撞过程中乘员的运动姿态,探讨了乘员头/颈部的生物力学响应特征,揭示了座椅排次对乘员头/颈部损伤响应的影响机制,建立了基于生物力学参数的乘员头/颈部损伤风险预测模型。结果表明:追尾列车中乘员面部与前排座椅的碰撞接触可能会引起原发性脑干损伤,乘员颈部前/后弯曲均会导致下颈部颈椎出现较大应力,而颈部前/后弯曲分别导致上颈部和下颈部椎间盘出现较大应力;现有标准中规定的Nij耐受限值会显著低估列车追尾碰撞中乘员颈部的损伤情况。A finite element model for train-dummy integrated passive safety simulation analysis was constructed based on the dummy model representing the male human characteristics of 50th percentile in China.The attitude changes of occupants during train collisions were analyzed,and the mechanical response characteristics of the head and neck of occupants were explored.The influence mechanism of seat alignment on occupants head and neck injury response was also revealed,and an injury risk prediction model based on head and neck biomechanical injury parameters was developed.The results show that the collision between the occupant s face and the front seat may cause primary brain stem injury.The front and back curvature of the occupant s neck will lead to the greater stress in the lower neck cervical spine,and it will also lead to the greater stress in the intervertebral disc of upper and lower necks,respectively.The N ij tolerance limit specified in the current standard will significantly underestimate the neck injuries suffered by occupants in rear-end train collisions.

关 键 词：高速列车 追尾碰撞 全体段缩放方法 力学响应 损伤评估 

分 类 号：U270[机械工程—车辆工程]