流行病·抵制·起义——吉鲁对于当代美国公共教育的新批判  

Pandemic,Resistance,and Insurrections:Giroux's New Critique on Contemporary American Public Education

作　　者：马健生[1] 李朝霞[1] MA Jiansheng;LI Zhaoxia(Institute of International and Comparative Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2023年第12期16-30,共15页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“义务教育阶段学生作业政策比较研究”(项目编号:BDA220033)。

摘　　要：特朗普上台后美国政府所实施的一系列具有保守主义特征的政策给美国教育领域带来了巨大影响。对此,美国著名批判教育学者吉鲁从批判教育学的视角,鉴于美国的政治、经济和文化形势,深刻揭露与分析了美国公共教育领域的病态及其危害,这集中表现在流行病意识形态化的教育、强化种族隔离的教育、压制种族正义与历史真相的教学、破坏言论自由与学术自由的教学等几个方面。为此,需要唤醒被瓦解的公众认知,将整个社会从“人为的无知”状态中解放出来,重塑被破坏的批判性教育,具体包括培养具有自觉性与自主性的公民、重视历史与历史教学的作用、培育能够维持民主的形成性文化等措施。此外,吉鲁还进一步提出了更为根本性的解决方案,即以批判性教育为工具,引领美国社会从被动的抵制与反抗走向起义式的民主,让教育成为政治和日常生活的中心,并开展群体性的政治和教育活动,从而推动社会的根本性变革。After Donald Trump came to power,a series of policies with conservative characteristics implemented by the American government,which have brought great influence to the educational field.In this regard,the famous American critical educator,Henry Giroux,from the perspective of critical pedagogy,in view of the political,economic and cultural context,deeply exposed and analyzed the sickness and harm in public education of America.This is mainly reflected in the pedagogy of pandemic ideologization,the pedagogy of strengthening apartheid,the teaching of suppressing racial justice and historical truth,and the teaching of undermining speech and academic freedom.To this end,it is necessary to awaken the broken public cognition,liberate the whole society from the state of"manufactured ignorance",and rebuild the damaged critical education,including measures such as cultivating citizens with consciousness and autonomy,valuing the role of history and history teaching,and fostering a formative culture that can sustain democracy.In addition,Giroux further proposed a more fundamental solution,that is,to use critical pedagogy as a tool to lead American society from passive resistance and revolt to insurrectional democracy,make education the center of politics and daily life,and wage mass political and educational campaigns,so as to promote fundamental social change.

关 键 词：亨利·吉鲁 批判性教育 公共教育 教育危机 民主教育 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]