大型教育监测:误解与启示  

Large-scale Education Monitoring:Misunderstandings and Implications

作　　者：侯杰泰[1] HAU Kit-Tai(The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学,中国香港999077

出　　处：《中国考试》2024年第2期11-17,共7页journal of China Examinations

摘　　要：面向多地区多种群的大型教育监测可对各地教育情况进行有效比较。基于对参与学生能力国际评估项目(PISA)中各经济体测评与调查结果的分析,探讨东西方教育几个颇具启发意义的问题,结果发现:1)一些亚洲经济体靠“背诵”学习的学生的百分比较西方经济体要低,亚洲学生偏离好的学习原则、只懂背诵的传统看法并不符合事实;2)学生的科学成绩高低并不能决定其对未来从事科技类工作的兴趣程度,中国学生虽然PISA科学成绩卓越,但其对未来从事科技类工作兴趣不大;3)内在动机高有利于提高学生的学习成绩,外在工具性动机对西方学生的学习成绩并无帮助,但是可以帮助缺乏内在动机的亚洲学生提高其学习成绩;4)相较于西方学校之间的成绩差异较小、学校内部不同社会经济地位学生之间水平差距较大的现象,亚洲很多地区的学校则反之,为反映某一地区教育系统的学生差异,计算校内差异+学校间差异的总和更为科学;5)从参测地区学生10余年来的PISA成绩看,整体上使用信息科技工具较多地区的学生成绩不升反降,使用信息科技工具较少地区的学生成绩反而上升更多,为此需要探索如何善用科技以赋能教学和学习。除关注监测内容及结果外,也要对监测时采用的问卷调查工具进一步反思和改进,以便更好地用实证数据推动未来教育的发展。Large-scale education monitoring of multiple regions and populations allows for effective comparisons of education qualities in different places.Based on the analyses of students'performance in the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA)in various economies,several thought-provoking issues were examined.The results showed that:1)The percentages of students in some Asian economies relying on'rote learning'were lower than those in Western economies.The belief that Asian students are not using good learning strategies and only rely on memorization has not been supported.2)Students'science performance did not determine their interest in future STEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)jobs.Although Chinese students had excellent PISA science scores,they were not interested in future STEM jobs.3)High intrinsic motivation was beneficial to improving students'academic performance.External instrumental motivation did not help Western students'academic performance,but it could enhance the academic performance of low intrinsically motivated Asian students.4)Compared with the small Western differences in academic performance among schools and larger differences within schools,many Asian systems had the opposite.Calculating the sum of intra-and inter-school differences is more valuable to reflect variations in students'academic performance in a particular educational system.5)From the PISA scores of participating economies over the past decade,students in systems that use more information technology tools declined in their performance.Conversely,students in systems that used less information technology made more academic improvement.It is necessary to explore how to use technology to empower teaching and learning.In addition to focusing on the monitoring contents and results,we should further reflect on and improve the survey questionnaires to use empirical data to enhance our educational development.

关 键 词：教育监测 PISA 问卷调查 学生能力评估 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]