闲居的诗思:士不遇焦虑消解与自我形象书写  

Poetic Thoughts in Leisure:Resolving Anxiety and Self-image Writing of UnrecognizedScholars

作　　者：邹福清[1] 程鑫 ZOU Fu-qing;CHENG Xin

机构地区：[1]湖北大学文学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第1期172-180,188,共10页Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：武汉市社会科学基金后期资助项目“中国文学中的凤凰形象”(2019038)。

摘　　要：中国古代士人不断探索对不遇焦虑的调适与消解途径。嵇康“乐道闲居”,追求“逍遥”的人生境界,从呵护人性的高度肯定闲居,否定出仕;白居易晚年闲居洛阳期间提出“中隐”说,追求“闲适”人生境界,悬置闲居与入仕价值高下的判断,实际是将闲居与入仕等而视之;邵雍绝意科举后迁居洛阳,标举“安乐”人生境界,重建闲居的价值,赋予其道德实践的意义而与入仕相抗衡。他们都致力于建构闲居期间日常生活的价值,努力实现士不遇焦虑的消解和现世性的精神超越。他们将屈原的凤凰和凡鸟对立与错位的士不遇书写模式加以转换,用来书写士不遇焦虑的调适及人生境界和自我形象。嵇康以挣脱网罗、远翔区外的鸾凤作为自我形象的隐喻;白居易将凤凰和凡鸟的对立与错位置换成凤与鱼的飞沉异势,并以“潜鱼”作为自我形象的隐喻;邵雍表达其本体论和人格论时,采用了凤凰与凡鸟的对立错位,其自我形象的建构主要通过观物所得及物我关系体认来实现。Ancient Chinese scholars continuously explored ways to adapt to and resolve the anxiety of not receiving official positions.Ji Kang advocated the pursuit of a carefree life and the ideal of“leisurely dwelling”,affirming the value of leisure while negating official appointments.Bai Juyi,during his later years in Luoyang,proposed the concept of“middle seclusion”,seeking a state of“leisurely comfort”and suspending judgment on the value of leisure versus official appointments.This effectively placed leisure and official appointments on equal footing.Shao Yong,after giving up the imperial examination,relocated to Luoyang and emphasized the value of a peaceful and happy life,reconstructing the significance of leisure and contrasting it with official appointments through moral practice.They all endeavored to establish the value of daily life during periods of leisure,striving to resolve the anxiety of not receiving official positions and achieve spiritual transcendence in the present world.They transformed the contrasting and displaced models of scholars not receiving official positions,as depicted in Qu Yuan’s comparison of phoenix and ordinary birds to write about the adaptation and life ideals of scholars facing such anxiety and their self-image.Ji Kang used the metaphor of breaking free from snares and soaring beyond the mundane as a representation of his self-image.Bai Juyi replaced the contrasting and displaced positions of the phoenix and ordinary birds with the contrasting and interchanging positions of the phoenix and fish,using the“hidden fish”as a metaphor for his self-image.Shao Yong,in expressing his ontology and personality theory,employed the contrasting and displaced positions of the phoenix and ordinary birds.The construction of his self-image was primarily achieved through observation and recognition of the relationship between objects and the self.

关 键 词：闲居 士不遇 日常生活 自我形象 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]