道言“悖反”与“象”化言说——道家语言思想中的生态观念探讨  

“Contradiction”Between Tao and Name,and“Image”Speech:Discussion on the Ecological Concept in the Daoist Language Thought

作　　者：吴承笃[1] WU Chengdu(School of Literature,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,济南250014

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期18-25,共8页Ludong University Journal:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目“生态语言学视域下的中国诗学研究”(20YJA751021)。

摘　　要：道家思想家希望通过回到人类前文明时代来解决当时严重的社会危机,体现在语言哲学中就是对名言思维的批判、对语言表达局限性的反思,试图通过重构语言与真实世界的关系,实现人向自我的本真复归。“道不可言”是道家语言哲学的起点,以老子、庄子为代表的道家思想家们认为,对于大道和本真世界的表达不能执着于名言的方式。真正的自然的语言应符合自然无为的大道品格,能够实现道言合一、言能及物的目的。在道家的理论中,以象达意是道说的主要方式,“象”化言说是解决形而上与形而下、可说与不可说、道与物之关系的机枢。象作为无言的存在,是物的存在的本源呈现,能够传达更为丰富的生态意义。道家语言思想中蕴含着丰富的生态资源,为当前生态话语的探索提供了理论支持。Taoist thinkers hope to solve the serious social crisis at that time by returning to the pre-civilization era of mankind,which shows the criticism of name thinking and the reflection on the limitations of language expression in the philosophy of language,attempting to realize the true return of human beings to themselves by reconstructing the relationship between language and the real world.“Tao cannot be expressed in words”is the starting point of Taoist language philosophy,and the Taoist thinkers represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi believe that the expression of Tao and the true world cannot persist in the way of name.The real natural language should conform to the Tao character of natural inaction,and can achieve the purpose of the unity of Tao and speech,and the speech being able to reach things.In the Taoist theory,the main way of Taoism is to convey meanings with images,and“image”speech is the pivot that can solve the relationship between metaphysics and physics,between what can be said and what cannot be said,between Tao and things.As wordless existence,the image is the original presentation of the existence of things,and can convey a richer ecological meaning.The Daoist language thought contains rich ecological resources,which provide a theoretical support for the exploration of current ecological discourse.

关 键 词：道家思想 生态话语 言说方式 

分 类 号：B223[哲学宗教—中国哲学]