适冷β-半乳糖苷酶及其在食品工业中的应用  

Cold-adaptedβ-galactosidase and its applications in food industry

作　　者：周玲 龚金炎[1] 何光华 肖功年[1] 许韩山 李玲 ZHOU Ling;GONG Jinyan;HE Guanghua;XIAO Gongnian;XU Hanshan;LI Ling(School of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Hangzhou of supervising testing center for quality and meterology,Hangzhou 311199,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院生物与化学工程学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]杭州市临平区质量计量监测中心,浙江杭州311199

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2024年第3期314-320,共7页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：浙江省杭州市农业与社会发展科研计划重点项目(202003A26)。

摘　　要：β-半乳糖苷酶,又称乳糖酶,广泛存在于细菌、真菌、酵母菌等微生物中,主要功能是乳糖水解和合成低聚半乳糖。利用β-半乳糖苷酶生产低乳糖牛奶等乳制品成为解决乳糖不耐受问题最有效的途径,然而常用的商业化β-半乳糖苷酶的最适反应温度大多较高,对pH的要求比较严格,存在生产成本较高、消耗能量高等问题。适冷β-半乳糖苷酶在低温下也具有较高的酶活性,广泛应用于食品行业中,尤其在乳品工业。在低温下水解乳糖,生产低乳糖或无乳糖乳制品,供乳糖不耐受者食用,可降低成本、节约能源,具有重要意义。该文综述了β-半乳糖苷酶的微生物来源、特性、催化特性的研究现状,对适冷β-半乳糖苷酶的来源、特性、耐冷机制及工业化应用进行了系统阐述,并对其前景进行了展望。β-Galactosidase,also known as lactase,widely exists in bacteria,fungi,yeasts,and other microorganisms.Its main function is lactose hydrolysis and synthesis of galactooligosaccharides.The production of low-lactose milk and other dairy products byβ-galactosidase has become the most effective way to solve the problem of lactose intolerance.However,the optimal temperature of the commercializedβ-galactosidase galactosidase is mostly high,and the requirements for pH are relatively strict,it can cause high production cost and high energy consumption.Cold-adaptedβ-galactosidase has high enzyme activity at low temperature and is widely used in food industry,especially in dairy industry.Especially,it hydrolyzes lactose at low temperature to produce low-lactose or lactose-free dairy products for lactose-intolerant people consumption,it also reduces production cost and energy.In this review,the microorganism source ofβ-galactosidase,enzyme characteristics and catalytic characteristics are described.Then,the microorganism source cold-adaptedβ-galactosidase,characteristics,cold tolerance mechanism,and industrial application are reviewed.

关 键 词：Β-半乳糖苷酶 适冷β-半乳糖苷酶 耐冷机制 

分 类 号：TS201.25[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]