Biological factors driving colorectal cancer metastasis  

作　　者：Shuai-Xing An Zhao-Jin Yu Chen Fu Min-Jie Wei Long-Hai Shen 

机构地区：[1]Department of Pharmacology,School of Pharmacy,China Medical University,Shenyang 110122,Liaoning Province,China [2]Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Antitumor Drug Development and Evaluation,Liaoning Cancer Immune Peptide Drug Engineering Technology Research Center,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors(China Medical University),Ministry of Education,Shenyang 110122,Liaoning Province,China [3]BD Department,Greenpine Pharma Group Co.,Ltd,Tianjin 300020,China [4]Center of Oncology,Genertec Liaoyou Gem Flower Hospital,PanJin 124010,Liaoning Province,China

出　　处：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》2024年第2期259-272,共14页世界胃肠肿瘤学杂志（英文版）（电子版）

摘　　要：Approximately 20%of colorectal cancer(CRC)patients present with metastasis at diagnosis.Among Stage I-III CRC patients who undergo surgical resection,18%typically suffer from distal metastasis within the first three years following initial treatment.The median survival duration after the diagnosis of metastatic CRC(mCRC)is only 9 mo.mCRC is traditionally considered to be an advanced stage malignancy or is thought to be caused by incomplete resection of tumor tissue,allowing cancer cells to spread from primary to distant organs;however,increa-sing evidence suggests that the mCRC process can begin early in tumor development.CRC patients present with high heterogeneity and diverse cancer phenotypes that are classified on the basis of molecular and morphological alterations.Different genomic and nongenomic events can induce subclone diversity,which leads to cancer and metastasis.Throughout the course of mCRC,metastatic cascades are associated with invasive cancer cell migration through the circulatory system,extravasation,distal seeding,dormancy,and reactivation,with each step requiring specific molecular functions.However,cancer cells presenting neoantigens can be recognized and eliminated by the immune system.In this review,we explain the biological factors that drive CRC metastasis,namely,genomic instability,epigenetic instability,the metastatic cascade,the cancer-immunity cycle,and external lifestyle factors.Despite remarkable progress in CRC research,the role of molecular classification in therapeutic intervention remains unclear.This review shows the driving factors of mCRC which may help in identifying potential candidate biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and early detection of mCRC cases.

关 键 词：CANCER Metastasis cascade Cancer immunity Genomic variation Epigenetic instability Lifestyle factor 

分 类 号：R735.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]