抽油机井恒功率变频控制系统研究  

Research on Constant-Power Frequency Conversion System for Beam Pumping Units

作　　者：王青华[1] 邹洪岚[1] 晏军[1] 江劲宏 刘永辉 王其军 罗程程 Wang Qinghua;Zou Honglan;Yan Jun;Jiang Jinhong;Liu Yonghui;Wang Qijun;Luo Chengcheng(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development;State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室

出　　处：《石油机械》2024年第2期99-106,共8页China Petroleum Machinery

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“复杂井筒与地层条件下采油采气工程关键技术”(2021DJ3405)。

摘　　要：抽油机作为陆上油田最重要的机械采油装备之一,近年来已发展出一系列的变频节能技术,但其研究主要集中在硬件方面,缺乏相关基础理论,导致现场应用普适性差,应用效果参差不齐。为此,研究有杆泵变频测控机理,优选了主要部件,对测试数据提出了要求,形成了有杆泵抽油变频控制系统。构建BP神经网络系统对正常井和漏失、柱塞碰泵、气体影响等异常井进行识别,分类提出变频计算模型:考虑负扭矩和抽油机冲次界限等建立了正常井恒功率变频计算模型,实例对比分析了变频后抽油机速度、加速度变化规律,产液量一定时,负功功率和有功功率分别下降了65%和44%。建立了上行程漏失的异常井变频计算模型,针对性地提高上行程冲次,形成“上快下慢”运行模式。实例计算表明:该系统缩短上行程时间2.6 s,较好地解决有杆泵上行程漏失和变频节能的问题。研究成果可为抽油机变频技术提供理论支持,对油田节能和提产具有指导意义。Beam pumping unit is one of the most important mechanical equipment for oil production in onshore oilfields.In recent years,a series of frequency conversion energy-saving technologies have been developed.However,the researches on beam pumping unit mainly focus on hardware and there are no fundamental theories,which result in low universality and inconsistency of beam pumping unit in field applications.In this paper,the mechanisms of frequency-variable measurement and control of beam pumping units were investigated,the main measurement and control components were optimized,the requirements for test data were proposed,and a frequency-variable control system for beam pumping uniting was invented.A BP neural network system was constructed to identify operation anomalies,such as leakage,plunger hitting pumps and gas effects,and the frequency conversion calculation models were proposed for these different scenarios.Considering the negative torque and stroke limit of the pump,a constant-power frequency conversion calculation model was developed for normal wells.A case study was performed to analyze the variation laws of the pumping speed and acceleration after frequency conversion.It is found that with constant liquid production,the negative power and positive power decrease by 65%and 44%,respectively.Moreover,the frequency conversion calculation model of the anomaly of upstroke leakage was built,and the stroke frequency of upstroke was increased to form the operation mode of“fast upward and slow downward”.The calculation shows that the system can well handle upstroke leakage and frequency-conversion energy saving by shortening the upstroke time by 2.6 s.The findings of this research provide theoretical support for the frequency conversion technology of suck-rod pumps and guidance for energy saving and production improvement in oilfields.

关 键 词：有杆抽油系统 变频控制 BP神经网络 恒功率 数学模型 

分 类 号：TE933[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]