郑伯克段:破坏人伦秩序是大恶——公羊家亲亲尊尊复杂个案的辞法辨义  

Duke Zheng Killed Duan:Disrupting Human Ethical Order as a Great Transgression:A Rhetorical and Interpretative Analysis of the Complex Case of Qinqin and Zunzun in the Gongyang School

作　　者：余治平[1] YU Zhiping

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院哲学系

出　　处：《哲学分析》2024年第1期128-145,198,共19页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“董仲舒传世文献考辨与历代注疏研究”(项目编号:19ZDA027)及“中国经典诠释学基本文献整理与基本问题研究”(项目编号:21&ZD055)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：郑庄公杀死亲弟共叔段一案因为渗透着亲亲尊尊的纠结、政治与伦理的对冲而常被后世所议论,但《春秋》诠释史上却罕有论及郑伯大恶的根本原因是破坏人伦秩序。经文书“伯”而非“侯”,已有贬义,称“克”、书“段”则表明兄弟已宛若“途之人然,亲亲之义绝”。对兄弟关系诉诸武力,有违亲亲原则。不弟之辞是谴责庄公蔽于昆仲一伦。叔段是自取灭亡,其不遵臣道,当国、僭制,本就该杀。兄弟一伦崩溃,弟而不弟,兄而不兄。庄公也需要母爱,故对弟弟得宠始终心存芥蒂,明知母亲更爱其弟却依然杀之,视同间接施虐于其母,不孝之至。分析《春秋公羊传》多种辞法,可以辨析此案包含的义理来重新理解罪责的判定,进而论证郑庄公破坏血亲人伦基本秩序已构成大恶的道理,指出公羊家评价之不足。The case of Duke Zhuang of Zheng killing his own brother,Gongshu Duan,has been a subject of ongoing discourse in later generations due to the intricate entanglements of Qinqin(close to relatives)and Zunzun(respect for superiors)and conflicts between politics and ethics.However,there is a conspicuous absence of elucidation in the history of Confucianism that the fundamental reasons underlying Duke Zheng’s egregious actions is the disruption of the human ethical order.This paper provides the first systematic and focused philosophical argument on this issue with the help of the multiple euphemisms of Gongyang.The use of Bo(Count)in stead of Hou(Marquis)in the texts already carries pejorative connotations,and terms like Ke(conquer)and Duan indicate“a broken fraternal relationship,akin to that of strangers”.The resorting to violence in the context of fraternal relations violates the fundamental principle of familial closeness.The rhetoric of not calling Dun brother is condemning Duke Zhuang for violating the ethics of brotherhood.Gongshu Duan brought about his own demise,since he did not respect“the Tao of the minister”(chendao).With the collapse of the fraternal bonds,brothers don’t do what they are supposed to do.Since the younger brother was more favoured by his mother,Duke Zhuang was always resentful.The conscious decision to kill his brother,is seen as tantamount to indirectly harming his mother,reaching the epitome of filial impiety.This is an innovative interpretation of the great evil constituted by a sovereign who takes the lead in destroying the ethical order of blood relatives.This paper also criticizes inadequacies in the evaluations presented by the Gongyang school.

关 键 词：春秋辞法 郑庄公 共叔段 亲亲 尊尊 经学诠释 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]