经济术语“年金“”养老金”在中日两国的互动与流变  

The Interaction and Transformation of Economic Terms"Nianjin/Nenkin"and"Yanglaojin/Yōrōkin"in China and Japan

作　　者：邓牧[1] 马俏楚 Deng Mu;Ma Qiaochu(Central South University)

机构地区：[1]中南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2023年第6期95-106,共12页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2019年度湖南省哲学社会科学基金一般项目“中日两国‘主义’的概念史研究”(项目编号:19YBA354)的阶段研究成果;项目负责人:邓牧。

摘　　要：综合利用词典、语料库、报刊数据库等资料,可以明晰中日两国“年金”“养老金”互动与流变的词汇史,有助于阐明词汇演变背后养老保障制度的变迁。研究得出以下结论“:年金”“养老金”在古代尚未成词。中国方面,“年金”可追溯至1848年麦都思《英华字典》,其中将annuity for life对译为“终生年金”,但并未在中国得到传播。十九世纪末二十世纪初,西方“年金”“养老金”概念及译词经由日本传入中国,其所指有所区别。日本方面,1871年箕作麟祥在翻译法国法典时将法语rente译为“年金”,十九世纪八十年代之后在法律公文、政经书籍中频繁使用,逐渐固定下来,“養老金”出现于十九世纪七十年代,在八十年代较为活跃,但随后被淘汰。现代中日两国“年金”“养老金”仍有互动,其使用差异除了受到历史上词汇流变的影响,也随着时代变迁产生新变化。This article used a combination of dictionaries,corpora,newspaper databases and other materials to trace the lexical history of the interaction and transformation of"nianjin/nenkin"and"yanglaojin/yōrōkin"in China and Japan,as well as the changes to pension systems behind the transformation of the words.This article draws the following conclusions:"nianjin/nenkin"and"yanglaojin/yōrōkin"were not lexicalized in ancient times.The word"nianjin"can be traced back to English and Chinese Dictionary written by Medhurst in 1848,in which"annuity for life"was translated into"zhongshengnianjin",but it had not been widely spread in China.At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the western concepts of"annuity"and"pension"and their translations were introduced into China through Japan.As for Japan,Mitsukuri Rinsho translated the French word"rente"into"nenkin"in 1871.After the 1880s,it was frequently used in legal documents and political and economic books,and then gradually fixed in Japanese."Yōrōkin"appeared in the 1870s and was once active in the 1880s,but ultimately disappeared.In modern times,"nianjin/nenkin"and"yanglaojin/yōrōkin"still interact between China and Japan,and their differences in connotation are not only rooted in the transformation in history,but also affected by the changes in society.

关 键 词：年金 养老金 经济术语 日语借词 词汇史 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H136