卢瑟福散射虚拟仿真实验设计与教学实践  

Design and Teaching Practice of the Rutherford Scattering Virtual Simulation Experiment

作　　者：田立朝 张湘 姜静 杨晓虎[1] 吕中良 赵子甲 TIAN Lichao;ZHANG Xiang;JIANG Jing;YANG Xiaohu;LYU Zhongliang;ZHAO Zijia(College of Science,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学理学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《实验科学与技术》2024年第1期68-75,共8页Experiment Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ30772)。

摘　　要：卢瑟福散射实验是核物理学发展史中的经典实验之一。基于实验放射源使用安全的考虑,国内外高校多以理论讲授为主,少有实验教学,限制了学生对原子核微观结构及射线与物质的微观相互作用的深入理解。针对以上问题,开发了基于Unity3D的卢瑟福散射虚拟仿真实验,真实再现实验场景,通过蒙特卡罗模拟保证了实验数据的真实可靠性。实验内容涵盖半导体α谱仪的使用、卢瑟福微分散射截面公式的验证、卢瑟福背散射在材料分析中的应用等内容。该虚拟仿真实验的开发为高校近代物理实验、核物理实验、材料表征等专业实验教学提供了参考,丰富了核物理实验教学的内容。Rutherford scattering experiment is one of the classical experiments in the history of nuclear physics.In consideration of the safety of the radiation source,there is few experimental practices of Rutherford scattering theory in domestic and foreign universities,which limits the understanding of micro-structure of atomic nuclei and microscopic interactions with matters.In response to the above questions,a Rutherford scattering virtual simulation experiment was developed based on Unity3D.The experimental scenes are realistically reproduced and the reliability of the experimental data is guaranteed through Monte Carlo simulation.The experiment content covers the use of semiconductor α spectrometers,verification of the differential cross-section formula of Rutherford scattering,and the application of Rutherford back-scattering in material analysis.The virtual simulation experiment provides more references for the experimental teaching of modern physics experiments,nuclear physics experiments,and materials characterization experiments,and enriches the experimental projects for the nuclear physics experimental teaching.

关 键 词：卢瑟福散射 卢瑟福背散射 虚拟仿真实验 实验教学 

分 类 号：O571.1[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理] TL817.2[理学—物理]