西方文学理论语言中心论的困境和中国文学理论崛起的历史使命  

The Dilemma of Linguistic Centrism in Western Literary Theory and the historical mission of the Rise of Chinese Literary Theory

作　　者：孙绍振[1] Sun Shaozhen

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国文艺评论》2024年第1期45-62,I0003,I0004,共20页China Literature and Art Criticism

基　　金：2022年度国家社科基金重点项目“中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展在文学领域的理论与实践研究”(项目批准号:22AZD068)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：西方从20世纪八九十年代开始的后现代文学理论,以反本质主义对正统理性观念进行全面反思和批判,甚至颠覆,在政治和意识形态方面取得了划时代的成就,但对文学的质疑,以其文化批评的普遍性淹没了文学的特殊性,导致文学虚无论和反审美占据主流,后虽有新审美等号称审美的“复仇”,其排斥心理情志的语言中心论之线性思维却依然故我。当此百年文化巨变之际,吾人当以实践真理论和辩证法结合中国文学优秀传统建构中国文学理论,作历史之崛起。本文本着文本第一性的原则,首先从经典文本中概括出文学文本并非语言中心论单因单果之线性关系,而是表层意象、中层意脉、深层文学形式的三维立体结构。文本的整体结构不但在数量上大于各要素之和,而且在性质上是“形质俱变”的。西方文论之失更在于把文本作为成品被动接受,成品作为结果的单一化淹盖着丰富复杂的原因。有效解读当如海德格尔所言“进入作品创作过程中”,才能看出作家创作的匠心。想象自己是作者,想象自己如何驾驭意象、文脉、形式,对照经典文本,发现其间的差距,这就有望从仰望转到攀登经典的高度。Various Western postmodern literary theories,which began in the 1980s and 1990s,have made epoch-making achievements in politics and ideology by comprehensively reflecting on and criticizing,and even subverting,the orthodox concepts of rationality with anti-essentialism,but the questioning of literature has drowned out the specificity of literature with the universality of its cultural criticism,leading to the mainstream of literary hypocrisy and anti-aesthetics.Although afterward the so-called new aesthetics claimed to be the“vengeance”of aesthetics,the linear thinking of linguistic centrism that excluded psycho-sentimentality still remained the same.At the time of this century’s great cultural changes,we should construct Chinese literary theory by practicing the idea of truth and dialectic method in combination with the excellent tradition of Chinese literature,so as to make the prominence of historical sense.In line with the principle of the primacy of the text,this article firstly summarizes from the classical works that literary texts are not a linear relationship of a single cause and effect of linguistic centrality,but a three-dimensional structure of surface imagery,the middle layer of the meaning of veins,and the deep literary forms.The overall structure of the text is not only quantitatively greater than the sum of its elements,but also in nature,“qualitatively different in form and quality”.The failure of Western literature lies even more in the passive reception of the text as a finished product,and the homogenization of the finished product as a result overwhelms the richness and complexity of its causes.Effective interpretation should,as Heidegger puts it,“enter into the process of creating the work”,so as to see the craftsmanship of the writer’s creation.Imagine yourself as the author,imagine yourself how to master the imagery,the vein,the form,and compare with the classic texts to discover the gaps between,which is expected to shift from looking up to climbing the height of the clas

关 键 词：语言中心 线性思维 反审美 新审美 默知识 文本的三层次 设想自己是作者 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]