应用伦理学的方法论  

Methodology of Applied Ethics

作　　者：张霄[1] Zhang Xiao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设研究中心、中国人民大学哲学院,北京100732

出　　处：《中州学刊》2024年第2期104-110,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代中国应用伦理学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系建设研究”(22&ZD042)。

摘　　要：作为方法体系的应用伦理学,主要包含两个方面的内容:它是一个技术层面上的“方法组合”,是各种原则、规范、推理技巧和分析框架的应用组合;它也是一种“做伦理学”的方法论。应用伦理学的早期范式是一种原则主义,即运用普遍原则判断特殊事例的道德推理。当代应用伦理学的研究范式则是一个“转化”和“应用”多元知识解决道德困境的综合判断决策系统,它有两个重要的方法路径:权衡伦理原则和细化伦理规则。规则的权衡和细化是应用伦理学对道德推理不断开发的过程,是两种具有基础意义的应用伦理学分析方法。应用伦理学不仅打开了一个可适度无限开放的问题域,也催生着一个开放的学科知识交互系统和一个综合判断决策系统。但也应认识到,应用伦理学无法解决所有的道德困境,因此不能对它抱有不合理的预期。Applied ethics,as a methodology system,mainly includes two aspects:either a combination of methods at the technical level,which is the application combination of various principles,norms,reasoning skills,and analytical frameworks;or a methodology of“doing ethics”.The early paradigm of applied ethics was a principled approach,which used universal principles to determine moral reasoning in specific cases.The research paradigm of contemporary applied ethics is a comprehensive decision-making system that“transforms”and“applies”diverse knowledge to solve moral dilemmas.It has two important methodological paths:balancing ethical principles and refining ethical rules.The balance and refinement of rules are the process of continuously developing moral reasoning in applied ethics,and are two fundamental analytical methods of applied ethics.Applied ethics not only opens up a moderately and infinitely open problem domain,but also gives birth to an open disciplinary knowledge exchange system and a comprehensive judgment and decision-making system.However,it should also be recognized that applied ethics cannot solve all moral dilemmas,and therefore cannot have unreasonable expectations of it.

关 键 词：应用伦理学 方法论 道德推理 反思平衡 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]