“前四史”中的儒家乐教思想研究  

A Study of Confucian Music Indoctrination Ideology in the“First Four Histories”

作　　者：张小雨 ZHANG Xiaoyu(College of Humanities and Communications,Wenshan College,Wenshan 663099,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]文山学院人文与传媒学院,云南文山663099

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2024年第1期20-28,共9页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大委托项目(20JZDW010)。

摘　　要：“前四史”中的儒家乐教思想来源于先秦儒家,强调音乐的社会属性与教化价值。《史记》与《汉书》极力为乐教作出正当性说明,劝诫君主应当杜绝纵欲享乐,要将音乐作为教化形式推行天下。《后汉书》与《三国志》记载了东汉初年与曹魏时期复兴礼乐教化之实践。《史记》还继承了董仲舒等汉代儒者论乐之特色,将音乐扩大到天地境界,并运用比附思想,将其与五行、五德等进行类比性认识,成为《白虎通》等文献乐教思想的来源,是两汉阴阳五行化了的儒家乐教思想之产物。同时,《史记》给予“发愤而作”、不能展现“中和”情感面貌的文艺作品高度认同,开始强调主体自身情感的独特价值,认为社会必须给予此种个体性充分的认识与肯定。于是,一种有别于西周“能群”观念的、强调个体独特性的音乐哲学观念开始在两汉兴起,最终导致了魏晋时期乐舞与教化脱钩,走向个体化与艺术化。The Confucian thought on music ideology in the“First Four Histories”originated from pre-Qin Confucianism,which also emphasized the social attribute and educational value of music.The Records of the Grand Historian and the Annals of the Former Han Dynasty tried their best to justify music education,admonishing the monarchs to stop indulging in pleasure and to promote music as a form of indoctrination for the whole world.The Annals of the Later Han Dynasty and the Records of the Three Kingdoms recorded the practice of reviving rites and music in the early Eastern Han Dynasty and during Cao Wei period.The Records of the Grand Historian also inherited the characteristics of Dong Zhongshu and other Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty on music,expanded music to the realm of heaven and earth,and used the thought of comparison to make analogical understanding of it with the five elements and five virtues,thus providing references for the later literature such as White Tiger Tong,which is the product of the Confucian music teaching thought of Yin and Yang and five elements in the Han Dynasty.It also gives a high degree of recognition to literary and artistic works that are“made in anger”and cannot show“neutral”emotional features.It begins to emphasize the unique value of the subject’s own emotions and holds that the society must fully recognize and affirm this kind of individuality.As a result,a philosophical concept of music,different from the“capable group”concept in the Western Zhou Dynasty,which emphasizes the uniqueness of an individual began to rise in the Han dynasties,which eventually led to the decoupling of music and dance from indoctrination in the Wei and Jin dynasties,and the trend of moving toward individuation and art.

关 键 词：《史记》 《汉书》 《后汉书》 《三国志》 儒家乐教 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学] J601[艺术—音乐]