奥维德《岁时记》在中世纪西欧的传播与接受  

The Transmission and Reception of Ovid's Fasti in Medieval Western Europe

作　　者：张子翔 Zhang Zixiang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2023年第6期76-89,159,共15页World History

基　　金：陕西师范大学历史学科“念海史学”青年项目(项目编号:A-Q2306)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古罗马诗人奥维德的作品——《岁时记》在中世纪西欧经历了复杂的传播与接受历程。在12世纪之前的中世纪时代,修道院在此过程中发挥了促进作用,修士们的使用目的在于学习拉丁语和歌颂教俗显贵。后者说明政治因素对《岁时记》传播与接受的影响日益显著。12—13世纪期间,文本的传播范围和复制质量有了显著进步。经院学者成了主要的接受群体,他们通过引用、评注的方式,对该诗进行基督教化阐释,以实现道德教化、坚固信仰等目的。虽然使用过程中存在不少错谬之处,却反映了经院学者开始逐渐关注古典著作自身的价值。到了意大利文艺复兴时期,相关文本走上了一条精致化发展道路。人文主义者出于对古典文化的热爱,加深了对诗歌本身的了解,但在文学创作时则进一步与基督教思想融合。《岁时记》在中世纪西欧传播与接受的历史,也是古典文化与基督教文化互动的历史。The transmission and reception of Fasti,the work of the ancient Roman poet Ovid,underwent a complex process in medieval western Europe.In the medieval period before the 12thcentury,the monasteries played a role in facilitating this process,with the monks using Fasti both for the purpose of learning Latin and for the glorification of the ecclesiastical and secular dignitaries,showing the increasing influence of political factors on the transmission and reception of Fasti.During the 12thto the 13thcenturies,the scope of transmission and the quality of copying texts have significantly improved.Scholastics became the primary group of accepting Fasti and Christianised the poem through citations and commentaries for several purposes,including achieving moral education,strengthening the faith,etc.Although there were many errors in the process of its using,it reflected that those scholastics became increasingly concerned about the value of the classics themselves.When the Italian Renaissance came,the related texts went to a path of refinement and sophistication.Humanists,driven by their love for the classical culture,deepened their understanding of the poem itself,but they further integrated the poem with the Christian ideas in their literary writing.The history of the transmission and reception of Fasti in medieval western Europe is also a history of the interaction between the classical culture and the Christian culture.

关 键 词：中世纪西欧 岁时记 古典文化 人文主义 基督教化 

分 类 号：K503[历史地理—历史学] I106.2[历史地理—世界史]