土壤真菌群落特征对长期玉米秸秆还田方式的响应  

Fungal Community in Soil Affected by Long-term Returning Maize Stover to Field

作　　者：张巩亮 徐莹莹[1,2] 王宇先 杨慧莹[1,2] 高盼 王晨[1,2] 赵蕾 ZHANG Gongliang;XU Yingying;WANG Yuxian;YANG Huiying;GAO Pan;WANG Chen;ZHAO Lei(Qiqihar Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China;National Agricultural Environment Experiment Station in Qiqihar,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161006,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006 [2]国家农业环境齐齐哈尔观测实验站,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2023年第12期1466-1477,共12页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-C043);齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CNYGG2022040);黑龙江省科技计划省院科技合作项目(YS20B09);国家农业环境齐齐哈尔观测实验站(NAES058AE10)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑龙江西部玉米产区土壤养分以及土壤真菌群落结构的影响。【方法】于2015—2021年,以玉米品种嫩单19为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,以秸秆不还田(CK)为对照,设置秸秆覆盖还田(CSR)、秸秆碎混还田(MSR)、秸秆深翻还田(PSR)、秸秆轮替还田(RSR)等4种秸秆还田方式处理。通过Illumina Miseq测序技术分析比较了不同秸秆还田方式及不同生育期对土壤环境中真菌群落结构及功能变化的环境驱动因子的影响。【结果】生长时期和秸秆还田方式及其互作效应对真菌群落多样性、结构组成及土壤化学性状均有显著或极显著影响。拔节期土壤真菌中占比较大的优势菌门主要为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota),优势菌属为Tausonia、鬼伞属(Coprinellus)和Solicoccozyma;而吐丝期的优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota),优势菌属为Tausonia、被孢霉属(Mortierella)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)。RDA分析结果表明,硝态氮、速效磷和铵态氮是影响属分类水平下真菌群落结构组成的主要环境驱动因子。秸秆轮替还田、秸秆碎混还田和秸秆深翻还田处理产量分别较秸秆不还田处理提高3.92%、3.76%和1.97%。【结论】秸秆轮替还田较不还田处理有效增产3.92%,同时秸秆轮替还田在拔节期提高了土壤真菌丰富度指数,ASV数量也高于其他处理。同时,该还田方式下的青霉菌属(Penicillium)可以提高秸秆复合菌系对木质纤维素的降解,促进秸秆腐熟,秸秆轮替还田可在东北玉米产区推广应用。【Objective】Effects of different ways to return maize stover onto field after harvest on the nutrients and fungal community in soil were investigated.【Method】A randomized group experiment was conducted in the maize producing areas in western Heilongjiang from 2015 to 2021 on Nendan 19.The applied treatments included(1)no straw return(CK),(2)mulching ground with stover(CSR),(3)mixing chopped straws with soil(MSR),(4)deep plowing spent straws into soil(PSR),and(5)rotational return of stover(RSR).The effects on the soil and environmental drivers of fungal community were monitored by the Illumina Miseq sequencing technology.【Result】Time,method,and their interaction of the treatments exerted significant or extremely significant effects on the diversity and structure of the fungal community as well as the soil chemistry.The dominant fungal phyla in soil at the maize jointing stage were Basidiomycota,Ascomycota,and Mortierellomycota,while the dominant genera were Tausonia,Coprinellus,and Solicoccozyma.Whereas,at the silking stage,the dominant phyla were Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota.The RDA analysis showed that nitrate,fast-acting phosphorus,and ammonium nitrogen were the key environmental factors that altered the fungal community at genera level.Compared to CK,the maize yield under RSR increased by 3.92%,under MSR by 3.76%,and under PSR by 1.97%.【Conclusions】Under RSR the maize yield increased 3.92%over CK with an improved fungal richness index at jointing stage and a higher ASV than other treatments.At the same time,the abundant Penicillium spp.in soil due to the treatment materially hastened the lignocellulose degradation as the plant material decayed.RSR was,thus,the recommended utilization of the farm waste for maize cultivation in the region.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田方式 土壤真菌群落 环境因子 产量 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]