感觉的学习论意义及其现实指向  

The Significance of the Learning Theory of“Sensation”and Its Realistic Orientation

作　　者：马晓华 Ma Xiaohua(Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《当代教育科学》2024年第1期45-53,共9页Contemporary Education Sciences

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地华东师范大学课程与教学研究所重大项目“指向核心素养的课堂学习研究”(项目编号:22JJD880026)的研究成果之一

摘　　要：实现课堂教学变革,发展学生核心素养,要克服理性至上的教学,重视感觉的学习论意义,引导学生的感知学习。作为哲学范畴的“感觉”与思维对立统一,中西方哲学从认识论的角度探讨了感官感觉对人的认知发展、经验生成的意义,形成了对感觉和感觉经验的系统理解。从感觉的本质来看,感觉指向身体,感觉是身体机能的生动体现。对感觉的承认体现了对现实世界客观性的正确把握。从教育学的立场审视感觉,感觉教育、直观教学等思想揭示了感觉对个体认知发展和学习活动展开的重要价值,感觉是认知生成和学习发生的前提。感觉是人对客观世界刺激的反映,是认识的初级形式,为知觉、表象等感性认识形式奠定基础,感觉、知觉、表象与思维之间存在着逻辑转化关系。在教学中,教师要克服理性至上的弊端,以感知学习促进学生的认知进阶,引导学生的感官参与,丰富其学习中的可感体验,以实现学生感性与理性的逻辑转化。To achieve the reform of classroom teaching and develop students'core quality,we should overcome the teaching of the supremacy of rationality,pay attention to the significance of the learning theory of“sensation”,and guide students'perceptual learning.As the unity of opposites between“sensation”and thinking as a philosophical category,Chinese and western philosophies have explored the significance of sensory sensation to human cognitive development and experience generation from an epistemological point of view,and formed a systematic understanding of sensation and sensory experiences.From the essence of sensation,sensation points to the body,sensation is a vivid manifestation of bodily function.The recognition of sensation embodies a correct grasp of the objectivity of the real world.From the standpoint of pedagogy,the ideas of sensory education and intuitive teaching reveal the important value of sensation to individual cognitive development and learning activities,and sensation is the premise of cognitive generation and learning.Sensation is the reflection of the stimuli of the objective world and the primary form of cognition,which lays the foundation for perceptual cognition forms such as perception and image.There is a logical transformation relationship between sensation,perception,image and thinking.In teaching,teachers should use perceptual learning to promote students'cognitive advancement,change their view of teaching and learning,and overcome the malpractice of rationality;Guide students'sensory engagement,enrich the sensory experience of learning and realize the logical transformation of students'sensibility and rationality.

关 键 词：感觉范畴 认知发展 感性与理性 学习论 

分 类 号：G420[文化科学—课程与教学论]