荀子哲学中道德规范的性质  

The Nature of Moral Norms in Xunzi's Philosophy

作　　者：艾文贺 王海岩(译) Philip J.Ivanhoe;Wang Haiyan

机构地区：[1]美国乔治敦大学东亚语言和文化系,美国华盛顿20057 [2]韩国成均馆大学儒学与东方哲学学院,首尔03073 [3]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2023年第4期46-54,181,共10页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：在《荀子·王制》篇中,华兹生将“义”译作“责任感”。倪德卫意识到,如此,在荀子那里,人性本身就蕴含着成就道德的条件,人性可以使人感觉到自己应该承担的责任,这就将荀子关于人性论的思考等同于孟子。其提出了两种解决方案,他明确反对第一种,即将“义”理解为“一种卓越的智慧洞察力”;其次,他认为“义”确实有“责任感”的意义,但是这个“责任感”是“空”的,没有特定的、实质性的内容。倪德卫的质疑不谬,但是还有另一种分析及解决方法认为“义”是人类行为的社会规范,是人类发明和实验的结果,不是人类自然倾向的产物,即人性的自发特征;同时,“义”的这个意义是荀子不同于孟子的关键点。In the chapter “Wang Zhi” of Xunzi,Burton Watson translated yi 义 into “a sense of duty”. Thus David S. Nivison thinks,in Xunzi's view,human nature itself contains the conditions for achieving morality,and human nature can make people feel the responsibility they should bear,which equates Xunzi's thinking on human nature with Mencius' s. He proposed two solutions,and he explicitly opposed the first,that is “a superior kind of intelligence”;the second solution is that Xunzi does believe human beings have “a sense of duty” but one that is “empty” of any particular content. Philip J.Ivanhoe agreed with Nivison doubts,but put forward his own ideas,he thinks that yi is the normative for human behavior,the result of human invention and experimentation,not the natural human inclinations,i.e. spontaneous features of human nature. At the same time,the meaning of “yi” is the key point that distinguishes Xunzi from Mencius.

关 键 词：荀子 义 人性 道德规范 倪德卫 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]