2014—2021年湖南省市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染监测分析  

Monitoring and analyzing Listeria monocytogenes contamination in municipal food products in Hu’nan Province from 2014 to 2021

作　　者：郑美惠 贾华云[1] 赖天兵[1] 陈帅[1] 吴诗蓝 梁进军[1] 让蔚清[2] ZHENG Meihui;JIA Huayun;LAI Tianbing;CHEN Shuai;WU Shilan;LIANG Jinjun;RANG Weiqing(Hu’nan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hu’nan Changsha 410005,China;School of Public Health,University of South China,Hu’nan Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005 [2]南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2023年第11期1593-1599,共7页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金科卫联合项目(2021JJ70086)。

摘　　要：目的了解湖南省不同类别市售食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌(LM)的污染状况,为食源性疾病防控和食品安全监管提供依据。方法2014—2021年在全省14个市州的餐饮环节和流通环节随机抽取15类12046份食品样品开展LM检测,用SPSS 22.0软件对城市和农村地区不同食品特征的LM污染状况进行描述性分析。结果采集的12046份市售食品样品,检出LM阳性297份,总检出率为2.47%;各季度间的LM检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.635,P=0.001),第二季度的检出率(3.24%)最高,是其他季度总检出率的1.6倍(95%CI:1.246~1.983,P<0.001);散装食品LM检出率高于预包装食品,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.652,P<0.001)。城市地区不同类别食品中食用菌及其制品的检出率(9.17%)最高,是其他类别食品总检出率的4.1倍(95%CI:2.168~7.674,P<0.001),其次为肉及肉制品(7.13%)和速冻米面食品(3.74%);农村地区LM检出率前3位的食品依次为食用菌及其制品(44.44%)、速冻米面食品(5.88%)、肉及肉制品(4.48%)。在肉及肉制品中,预制肉制品和冷冻畜肉LM污染风险是熟肉制品的52.5倍和36.1倍(95%CI分别为25.612~107.504、13.580~96.135,P<0.001)。此外,该菌在流通环节的食品中检出率高于餐饮服务环节(χ^(2)=56.654,P<0.001),其中批发市场食品检出率最高(11.54%),污染风险是其他场所的5.2倍(95%CI:1.553~17.423,P=0.025)。结论湖南省市售食品中存在LM污染,尤其食用菌和预制肉制品的污染程度较高。Objective To understand the pollution status of Listeria monocytogenes(LM)in different categories of commercial food products in Hu’nan Province,and provide a basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases and food safety supervision.Methods In 2014 to 2021,12046 food samples from 15 categories were randomly selected in 14 cities and prefectures in the province to carry out LM testing,and SPSS software was used to test the LM pollution in different food characteristics in urban and rural areas.Results A total of 12046 commercially available food samples were collected,with 297 testing positive for LM,resulting in an overall detection rate of 2.47%.There was a statistically significant difference in LM detection rates among different quarters(χ^(2)=18.652,P<0.001).The second quarter had the highest detection rate(3.24%),presenting a risk 1.6 times higher than that of other quarters(95%CI:1.246~1.983,P<0.001).The detection rate of LM in bulk food was higher than that of pre-packaged food,and the difference was statistical significant(P<0.001).The detection rate of edible fungi and their products(9.17%)among different categories of food in urban areas was the highest,and the risk of LM pollution was 4.1 times that of other food categories(95%CI:2.168~7.674,P<0.001),followed by meat and meat products(7.13%)and frozen rice and noodles(3.74%).The top three foods with LM detection rate in rural areas were edible fungi and their products(44.44%),quick-frozen rice and noodles(5.88%),and meat and meat products(4.48%).Among meat and meat products,the risk of LM contamination of prefabricated meat products and frozen livestock meat was 52.5 times and 36.1 times that of cooked meat products(P<0.001).In addition,the detection rate of this bacteria in food in the circulation link is higher than that in catering services(χ^(2)=56.654,P<0.001),the detection rate of food in wholesale markets is the highest(11.54%),and the pollution risk was 5.2 times than that of other places(95%CI:1.553~17.423,P=0.025).Conclusion

关 键 词：市售食品 单核细胞增生李斯特菌 食品特征 污染风险 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]