茶树叶绿体基因组的研究与应用进展  

Research and Application Progress in Chloroplast Genome of Tea Plant(Camellia sinensis)

作　　者：杨雨青 谭娟 汪芳 彭顺利 陈婕 谭明燕 吕美艳 周富裕[2] 刘声传 YANG Yu-qing;TAN Juan;WANG Fang;PENG Shun-li;CHEN Jie;TAN Ming-yan;LYU Mei-yan;ZHOU Fu-yu;LIU Sheng-chuan(School of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Guiyang University,Guiyang 550005;Tea Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵阳550005 [2]贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第2期20-30,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31760227);贵州省2022年大学生创新创业训练计划(S202210976001)。

摘　　要：多数植物叶绿体基因组为双链环状DNA,具有保守的四分体结构、非重组、单倍体、单亲遗传、进化速率适中、序列和结构高度保守等特征,可为植物进化等提供有用信息。茶树种质资源丰富,其复杂的起源、进化、分类等方面缺乏有效鉴评,而有碍于对其高效保护与创新利用。目前,叶绿体基因组测序技术快速发展并向三代过渡,33份茶树资源的叶绿体基因组已在NCBI公布,茶树叶绿体基因组基因类型、基因序列特征已被部分揭示,且已应用于茶树资源的分类鉴定、起源进化、白化机制等方面研究,但仍有不少茶树资源的叶绿体基因组未被破译。本文简述了植物叶绿体基因组的起源、遗传方式、基本特征;重点述评了茶树叶绿体基因组测序技术、基因组特征、基因类型、基因序列等最新研究成果;概述了茶树叶绿体基因组应用现状;最后探讨了茶树叶绿体基因组未来的应用与发展方向。Most plant chloroplast genomes are double-stranded circular DNA with a conserved tetrad structure,non-recombination,haploid,uniparental inheritance,moderate evolutionary rate,and highly conserved sequence and structure,and may provide useful information for the evolution of plants.Due to abundant tea germplasm resources,their complex origin,evolution and classification remain largely elusive,resulting in hindering their efficient protection and innovative utilization.In recent,the rapid development of chloroplast genome sequencing technologies has been greatly promoted and being changed into the third-generation sequencing.About 33 sequenced chloroplast genomes from tea plants have been published on NCBI,and the gene types and gene sequence characteristics of chloroplast genomes in tea plants have been partially revealed,and used in the study of classification,identification,origin,evolution,and albino mechanism for tea plants.However,many chloroplast genomes of tea resources remain undeciphered.While reviewing the origin,inheritance,and basic characteristics of plant chloroplast genomes,the paper focused on the review of the sequencing technology,genomic features,gene types,and gene sequences of the published chloroplast genomes from tea plants.The paper briefly presented the application status of tea plant chloroplast genome and finally,and discussed the future application and development direction of tea plant chloroplast genomes.

关 键 词：茶树 叶绿体基因组 基因 分类鉴定 进化 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]