教育实践中的教师伦理困境与伦理决策  

The Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Decision Making of Teachers in the Educational Practice

作　　者：周坤亮 ZHOU Kunliang(Teacher Development Research Department,Shanghai Teacher Institute,Shanghai 200041,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市教师教育学院教师发展研究部,上海200041

出　　处：《教师教育学报》2024年第2期56-64,共9页Journal of Teacher Education

摘　　要：教师伦理是指教师在日常教育教学工作中对“善”的追求、对“恶”的抑制,表现在教师的教学目的、态度、话语与行为中。教师在教育教学工作中不可避免地会遇到诸多伦理冲突。教师在教育实践中主要面临八类伦理困境,包括公平问题、学生行为管理问题、课改与考试的冲突、学校行政管理与教学的冲突、投入与回报的冲突、教师信念与家长观念的冲突、同事之间的冲突、不同原则之间的冲突。面对这些伦理困境,教师采取的专业伦理决策途径主要有三种:一是注重美德的途径,以“人的美德或道德品质为中心”,将个人所具有的美德或品质作为伦理决策和行动的依据;二是基于规则的途径,以“规则为中心”,将一系列伦理规范和原则作为伦理决策和行动的依据;三是预测结果的途径,以“预测行为的结果为中心”,将行为可能产生的结果作为伦理决策和行动的依据。鉴于教师实际面临的专业伦理困境提出三个建议,即师德建设需要关注具体教育情景中的伦理困境及其解决策略;教师的专业伦理决策途径应该从单一走向整合;学校应该建立伦理对话制度。Teacher ethics refers to the pursuit of“goodness”and the suppression of“evilness”by teachers in their daily teaching,manifested in their teaching objectives,attitudes,discourse,and behavior.Teachers will inevitably encounter many ethical conflicts in their teaching.Theymainly face eight types of ethical dilemmas in educational practice,including fairness issues,student behavior management,conflicts between curriculum reform and exams,conflicts between school administrative management and teaching,conflicts between investment and return,conflicts between teacher beliefs and parental beliefs,conflicts between colleagues,and conflicts between different principles.In the face of these ethical dilemmas,three professional ethical decision-making approaches are mainly adopted by teachers:one is based on virtues,which centers on“human virtues or moral qualities”,and takes personal virtues or qualities as the basis for ethical decision-making and conduct;The second is a rule-based approach,which is centered around rules,and takes a series of ethical norms,principles,and guidelines as the basis for ethical decision-making and conduct;The third approach is based on prediction,which focuses on“the predicted behavior outcomes”,and takes the possible outcomes of behavior as the basis for ethical decision-making and conduct.Three suggestions have been put forward in view of the professional ethical dilemmas that teachers actually face,namely,the construction of teacher ethics needs to pay attention to the ethical dilemmas in specific educational scenarios and their solutions;The decision-making path of professional ethics for teachers should shift from singular to integrated one;Schools should establish an ethical dialogue and negotiation system.

关 键 词：教师伦理 伦理困境 伦理决策 伦理行动 伦理对话 

分 类 号：G525.1[文化科学—教育学]