中介与开显——伽达默尔诠释学语言观要义钩沉  

Intermediary and Emergence: an Exploration of the Essence of Gadamer’s Hermeneutical View of Language

作　　者：傅永军[1] FU Yongjun(Center for Chinese Hermeneutics and School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong,China,250100)

机构地区：[1]山东大学中国诠释学研究中心暨哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经典诠释学基本文献整理与基本问题研究”(21&ZD054);山东大学人文社会科学创新团队“文明互鉴视域中的汉语哲学”。

摘　　要：在伽达默尔看来,自希腊哲学以降的西方主流哲学曲解了语言的本质,语言与存在相分离,被降格为工具化符号,用以指称或描摹存在的表现。伽达默尔反其道而行之,接榫由哈曼—赫尔德—洪堡特开创的德国语言哲学传统,立足存在论视位,将语言理解为存在(事物)的存在方式,存在是语言中的存在,语言是说出存在的语言,语言、存在与思想在存在论意义上具有三位一体式的内在关联。伽达默尔以自己的语言存在论深度推进了诠释学的语言学转向,语言是联系思想和存在的中介,它使得思想和存在在其原始的依属性中得以表现,让存在的意义整体来到语言表达,在语言之光中被澄清敞亮,开显自身、呈现真理。中介与开显表征着语言的本质性规定,也同时显示为语言的效用。语言所具有的自我遗忘性、无我性、普遍性三特征,指示出语言是理解的最完美中介,它能够让一切与人有关的事情无遮蔽地显现在语言之中。According to Gadamer,the mainstream of Western philosophy,descending from Greek philosophy,has misconstrued the essence of language,separated it from being and reduced it to a utilitarian symbol used to denote or depict the manifestations of being.Gadamer,however,taking a different approach,building upon an ontological perspective,carrying on the German tradition of language philosophy initiated by Hamann,Herder,and Humboldt,understands language as the mode of existence of being.Being is embodied in language,and language speaks the language of being.Language,being,and thought form an intrinsically interconnected trinity in ontological terms.Gadamer’s linguistic ontology brings about the linguistic turn in hermeneutics,positioning language as the intermediary that links thought and being,which allows thought and being to be expressed in their original dependent properties,allowing the meaning of being as a totality come into language,clarifying in the light and revealing truth.Intermediary and emergence are the essence of language,and simultaneously demonstrate the faculty of language.The three characteristics of language,self-forgetfulness,impersonality,and universality,tell us that language is the most perfect intermediary of understanding,and that it is capable of making everything that pertains to a person unobtrusively visible in language.

关 键 词：语言 语言工具论 诠释学的语言学转向 语言存在论 中介与开显 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]