进动现象的直观解释  

INTUITIVE EXPLANATION OF PRECESSION PHENOMENON

作　　者：熊志松 程运华 XIONG Zhisong;CHENG Yunhua(Shenzhen Middle School,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518001;School of Physics and Optoelectronics,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳中学,广东深圳518001 [2]华南理工大学物理与光电学院,广东广州510640

出　　处：《物理与工程》2023年第5期108-113,共6页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：2021年广东省高等教育教学研究和改革项目;华南理工大学2022年度教研教改项目。

摘　　要：进动是刚体力学中的一项重要内容,但由于涉及复杂的定点转动问题,其数学推导过程比较繁琐,大部分教材的相关内容晦涩难懂,再加上进动现象本身的反直觉的特点,使得很多人对进动现象的规律并未真正理解。本文首先从质点的惯性入手,通过与简单的质点力学问题类比,直观地解释进动。接着,我们深入探讨回转力矩的本质,只借助简单的受力分析和计算,就推得了进动的结果,我们的方法避免了复杂的刚体力学理论计算,为理解进动提供了一种新思路。Precession is an important part of the rigid body mechanics.However,due to the complexity of fixed-point rotation problems,the involved mathematical derivations are relatively complicated,hence the relevant contents of most textbooks are obscure and difficult to understand.On the other hand,the precession phenomenon has the characteristics of anti-intuition.All of these make it difficult for many people to truly understand the laws of the precession phenomenon.This paper starts with the inertia of any object,and intuitively explains precession by analogy with simple mechanics problems of a mass point.Then,we discuss the essence of the moment of gyration in depth,and with the help of simple force analysis and calculation,we get the result of precession easily.Our method avoids the complex theoretical calculation of rigid body mechanics and provides a new way to understand precession.

关 键 词：刚体 陀螺 进动 回转力矩 

分 类 号：O313.3[理学—一般力学与力学基础]