中国城乡居民健康饮食评价研究  

A Study on the Evaluation of Healthy Diets among Urban and Rural Residents in China

作　　者：朱文博 全世文[1] 杨鑫 ZHU Wenbo;QUAN Shiwen;YANG Xin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《世界农业》2024年第3期54-67,共14页World Agriculture

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程项目“中国居民食物消费质量评价”(2024NFSB09);中国社会科学院数据库专项资助项目“中国居民食物消费与营养数据库”(2024SJK009);中国社会科学院“青启计划”资助项目“中国居民食物消费质量评价及优化对策研究”(2024QQJH109)。

摘　　要：2023年中央一号文件首次提出“提倡健康饮食”,识别中国居民的健康饮食状况是首要任务。本文从结构差异和异质标准的视角提出了一个新的健康饮食评价体系,通过测算基于膳食推荐标准的食物消费结构相似度(CSI),评价了1981—2020年中国城乡居民的健康饮食状况,并识别了食物政策的最佳干预窗口期。研究发现,城乡居民的健康饮食状况呈现伴随经济发展水平变化的阶段性特征,在常态时期,城镇居民的健康饮食水平先逐渐优化而后又逐步恶化,从营养改善阶段发展到营养失衡阶段;农村居民的健康饮食水平不断提高,但发展阶段明显滞后于城镇居民,仍处于营养改善过程。食物政策的最佳干预窗口期是存在的,“十四五”结束时约2/3的省份进入干预窗口期,如果能在窗口期内及时对农村居民的膳食结构进行“未雨绸缪”式的政策干预,那么农村居民有可能避免经历城镇居民从营养改善到营养失衡的转折性发展过程。The first issue of the Central Document in 2023 introduced the concept of“promoting healthy diets”,highlighting the significance of effectively assessing the dietary status of Chinese residents.This study proposes a novel evaluation framework for healthy diets from the perspectives of structural similarity and heterogeneous criteria.By calculating the Consumption Similarity Index(CSI)of food based on dietary recommendations,the study evaluates the dietary status of urban and rural residents in China from 1981 to 2020 and identifies the optimal intervention window for food policies.Research has discovered that the levels of healthy diet in urban and rural residents exhibit phased characteristics that align with the stages of economic development.During normal times,the levels of healthy diet among urban dwellers first gradually enhance but subsequently deteriorate over time,transitioning from a stage of nutritional improvement to a stage of nutritional imbalance.On the other hand,the levels of healthy diet among rural dwellers are consistently improving,but their developmental stage is significantly behind that of urban dwellers,remaining within the stage of nutritional improvement.An optimal window of intervention for food policies does exist.By the end of the“14th Five-Year Plan”,approximately two-thirds of the provinces have entered this intervention period.If policy interventions can be proactively implemented within this window to adjust the dietary structure of rural dwellers,it is possible for them to circumvent the transformative development journey from nutritional improvement to nutritional imbalance,which the urban dwellers have experienced.

关 键 词：食物消费 健康饮食评价 消费结构相似度 膳食推荐标准 食物政策 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]