数字化转型如何影响劳动技能溢价——基于A股上市公司数据的经验研究  

How Does Digital Transformation Affect Labor Skill Premium:An Empirical Study on A-share Listed Enterprises

作　　者：陈东[1] 郭文光 CHEN Dong;GUO Wenguang(School of Economics, Shandong University)

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2024年第3期173-192,共20页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BJY097);山东大学人文社会科学重大项目(19RWZD03)的资助。

摘　　要：为了阐释数字化转型能否通过技能偏向型技术进步提升劳动技能溢价,本文在构建理论模型的基础上,采用2010~2020年中国A股上市公司数据,考察数字化转型对劳动技能溢价的影响及作用机制,并进一步讨论在资本—技能互补性关系下,数字化转型对劳动产出效率和技能工资的实际影响。研究结果发现,数字化转型能够显著提升劳动技能溢价,且这种提升作用在非国有企业、资本技术密集型行业、数字基础设施较发达地区和数字化底层技术转型中更为突出;数字化转型主要通过促进企业技能偏向型技术进步机制和增加高技能劳动者相对需求机制,共同提升劳动技能溢价,其中增加高技能劳动者相对需求机制的根源在于企业数字化无形资本与高技能劳动者的互补性更高,有助于提升高技能劳动者对企业生产效率和劳动产出的贡献,并引发对低技能劳动者的“技能挤出”现象,从而扩大了劳动技能溢价。本文结论为政府推动企业数字化转型、形成合理有序的收入分配格局提供了有益参考。The transformation of development mode and the promotion of digital transformation are the key points of the government's future work,reducing the impact of skill premium and balancing income distribution are also necessary for achieving the Chinese path to modernization.In this context,exploring how digital transformation empowers high-quality development of enterprises and how it affects change in labor skill premium has become an urgent issue of concern for all sectors of society.This article analyzes the theoretical foundation of whether digital transformation triggers changes in labor skill premium and its mechanism.We also use the data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2010 to 2020 to empirically examine the impact of digital transformation on labor skill premium and its mechanism.Furthermore,we further discuss the actual impact of digital transformation on the productivity and labor skill premium under the capital-skill complementarity relationship.The results reveal that,first,digital transformation can significantly increase the labor skill premium,with this effect being more prominent in non-state owned enterprises,capital-technologyintensive industries,regions with more developed digital infrastructure and the digital transformation of substrate applications.Second,technological change triggered by digital transformation is high-skillbiased,and digital transformation can increase the labor skill premium by promoting skill-biased technological change and increasing the relative demand for high-skilled workers.However,the decrease in the relative demand for low-skilled workers is reflected in the “skill crowding out” of low-skilled workers by high-skilled workers.Finally,under the real condition of the capital-skill complementarity relationship,enterprises' digital transformation accumulates digital intangible capital,which helps to enhance the contribution of high-skilled workers to the productivity and labor output of enterprises.This indicates that digital intangible capital has stronger

关 键 词：数字化转型 技能溢价 技能偏向型技术进步 资本—技能互补性 技能挤出 

分 类 号：F244[经济管理—劳动经济]