重教文化传承与创新型人才培养——基于进士与科学家、企业家空间分布考察  

Inheritance of Educational Culture and Cultivation of Innovative Talents:Analyses Based on the Spatial Distribution of Jinshi,Scientists,and Entrepreneurs

作　　者：马忠新 伍凤兰[2] Zhongxin Ma;Fenglan Wu(School of Economics and Management,Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701;School of Economics,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院经济管理学院,上海201701 [2]深圳大学经济学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第1期10-19,57,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国特色渐进式改革与中国道路”(23JJD790011)。

摘　　要：中国的创新型人才培养具有明显的空间异质性,各地的重教文化差异是人才培养差异的重要影响因素。本文基于历史上的明清进士和当今科学家、企业家的空间分布考察,实证检验了重教文化传承对地区创新型人才培养的影响和机制,以及制度所发挥的作用。结果表明,各地的科举进士密度对人均科学家数量和人均企业家数量具有显著的正向影响,历史传承下来的重教文化对地区创新型人才培养产生了长期持续的影响,恢复高考、高考扩招等制度冲击所带来的公平竞争环境和教育机会可及性,激发了个体通过教育改变自身命运和社会阶层的积极性,激活了地区的重教文化,显著影响了个人受教育水平和地区人才培养。The cultivation of innovative talents in China has obvious spatial heterogeneity,and the cultural differences in education in different regions are important influencing factors for talent cultivation differences.Based on the examination of the spatial distribution of Jinshi in the Ming and Qing dynasties,as well as scientists and entrepreneurs in the contemporary era,this paper empirically tests the influence of cultural traditions that value education on the cultivation of innovative talents,as well as the role played by institutions.The results indicate that the density of Jinshi in various regions has a significant positive impact on the number of scientists and entrepreneurs per capita.The culture of emphasizing education that has been passed down from history has had a long-term and sustained impact on the cultivation of innovative talents in the region.The fair competitive environment and accessibility of educational opportunities brought about by institutional shocks such as the college entrance examination and expansion of enrollment has stimulated individuals' enthusiasm to change their own destiny and social class through education,activated the culture of valuing education,and significantly affected individual education levels and regional talent cultivation.

关 键 词：进士 科学家 企业家 重教文化 制度 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]