所谓疑问代词应是一种特殊的无定代词  

The So-called Interrogative Pronouns are Actually Special Indefinite Pronouns

作　　者：王红旗[1] WANG Hongqi

机构地区：[1]南开大学文学院,天津300071

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2024年第1期3-25,共23页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：南开大学亚洲研究中心2023年度“人文社会科学领域研究”(AS2309)项目资助。

摘　　要：所谓疑问代词并不具有询问功能,实质上是一种特殊的无定代词,指称一个集合中任何可能的成员。特指问句的询问功能是句内外因素共同表达的,所谓疑问代词只是在表达中起了重要作用。“谁”等疑问代词在汉语特指问句、反问句和所谓虚指用法、任指用法的句子中有统一的指称功能,应看作同一个词位,只是在不同语境条件下的句子中受语境、发话人交际意图的影响,指称对象会发生变化。这样认识和理解“谁”等疑问代词,可对这些词及其构成的句子做更简洁的分析,这个观点也适用于其他语言。Both at home and abroad,the so-called interrogative pronouns do not serve the function of questioning.The so-called interrogative pronouns are actually special indefinite pronouns that can refer to any possible member in a collection.The interrogative function of the wh-question is expressed by the joint efforts of multiple factors,and the so-called interrogative pronoun only plays an important role in it.Indefinite pronouns like Shui(谁)have a unified referential function in Chinese wh-questions,rhetorical questions,and so-called non-specific and free-choice reference sentences,and should be regarded as the same lexeme.However,because of contextual interpretations,as well as the communicative intentions of the speaker,they then have different referential targets.Such definitions of indefinite pronouns like Shui(谁)can give rise a more concise analysis of the interrogative and declarative sentences that comprise these words,such analysis could also be applied cross-linguistically to the socalled interrogative pronouns.

关 键 词：疑问代词 无定代词 指称 询问 变项 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]