孟子性善论域内人性论争的再思考——兼论人性善恶与儒家德治及法家法治的关联  

Rethinking the Debate on Human Nature in the Field of Mencius’Theory of Good Nature——On Relationship between Good and Evil of Human Nature and Rule of Virtue of Confucianism and Rule of Law of Legalism

作　　者：刘绪晶 LIU Xujing(School of Marxism,Qingdao University,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学马克思主义学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2024年第2期79-85,共7页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：人性问题是中国哲学史中的核心议题。哲学史上的人性论主要归结为五种:性无善恶、性善、性恶、性善恶混、性三品,但各自均存在一些问题或困境。其中,孟子的性善论是一种更全面、更深入的人性观,它内含着性本善与性向善两个面向。孟子的性善论不仅能回应性善论自身面临的困境及问题,还兼顾、会通了其他人性论并弥补其不足,且为人的生存提供精神支撑与价值指引。儒家德治与法家法治作为两种不同的治国理念,其治理依据与结果完全不同。前者以人性善为依据,主张明德慎罚,表现出对人的地位和价值的尊重;后者以人性恶为依据,主张严刑峻法。Human nature is the core issue in the history of Chinese philosophy.In the history of philosophy,the theory of human nature can be mainly summarized into five categories:the absence of goodness or evil,the goodness,the evil,the mixture of goodness and evil,and the triple nature,but each has some problems or difficulties.Among them,Mencius’theory of the goodness of nature is a more comprehensive and profound view of human nature,which contains two aspects:the inherent goodness of nature and the tendency towards goodness.Mencius’theory of goodness not only responds to the difficulties and problems faced by the theory itself,but also takes into account and connects with other theories of human nature,making up for their shortcomings and providing spiritual support and value guidance for human survival.As two different governance concepts,Confucianism’s rule of virtue and Legalism’s rule of law have completely different governance bases and outcomes.The former is based on human kindness,advocating for moral integrity and cautious punishment and showing respect for human status and value,while the latter is based on the evil of human nature and advocates for strict punishment and severe laws.

关 键 词：孟子 人性论 善恶 德治 法治 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]