裙板格栅方向对高速列车设备舱通风性能影响研究  

Study on Influence of Grille Orientation on Ventilation Performance of High-speed Train Equipment Cabin

作　　者：姜琛 汤鑫 高广军[1,2,3] 洪晨 周果 龙金兰 曾雪莲 王璠 JIANG Chen;TANG Xin;GAO Guangjun;HONG Chen;ZHOU Guo;LONG Jin-lan;ZENG Xuelian;WANG Fan(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track(Central South University),Ministry of Education,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室(中南大学),湖南长沙410075 [2]轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075 [4]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《湖南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期132-143,共12页Journal of Hunan University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFA0710901);国家自然科学基金资助项目(12002395)。

摘　　要：为研究不同方向格栅对高速列车车下设备舱通风性能的影响,以一段某型高速列车实车所用设备舱为试验对象开展了风洞试验,同时基于Realizable k-ε湍流模型构建了风洞试验的数值计算模型.通过风洞试验结果验证了数值模型的准确性,并获得了一套适用于设备舱裙板格栅区域的网格划分参数.基于经风洞试验验证的数值模型和网格划分参数,建立了头车包含设备舱的三车编组数值计算模型.以不同方向格栅(竖向和横向)为研究对象,分析了300 km/h速度等级下设备舱格栅通风口的通风量及设备舱内部的速度分布情况.结果表明:装配两种格栅时,设备舱的总进风质量流率基本一致,其中,装配竖向格栅时,其两侧的进风质量流率基本一致,但装配横向格栅时,其两侧的进风质量流率有所差异,相较于前者,其y-侧的质量流率减少了6.59%,y+侧的增加了6.79%.装配竖向格栅时,气流均匀地从整个格栅区域进入,其进入方向与列车运行方向相同,且速度较小;装配横向格栅时,气流集中从格栅右侧区域进入,其进入方向与列车运行方向相反,且速度较大.通过综合对比质量流率及设备舱空间气流速度,发现装配横向格栅时的通风性能较优.To investigate the effect of grilles in different directions on the ventilation performance of equipment cabins under high-speed trains, a wind tunnel test is conducted with a section of equipment cabin used in a high speed train as the test object, and a numerical model for the wind tunnel test is constructed based on the Realizable k-ε turbulence model. The accuracy of the numerical model is verified by wind tunnel test results, and a set of meshing parameters for the equipment cabin apron grill region is obtained. Based on the numerical model and the meshing parameters verified by the wind tunnel test, a three-car grouping numerical model with the head car including the equipment cabin is established. The ventilation volume of the equipment cabin grille vents and the velocity distribution inside the equipment cabin at 300 km/h speed level are investigated with different directions of grilles (vertical and horizontal). The results show that the total inlet air mass flow rate of the equipment cabin is basically the same for the two types of grilles, among which the air inlet mass flow rate of both sides are basically the same when the vertical grille is installed, but the air inlet mass flow rate of both sides differs when the horizontal grille is installed, and the mass flow rate of the y-side decreases by 6.59% and that of the y+ side increases by 6.79% compared with the former. When the vertical grille is assembled, the airflow enters uniformly from the whole grille region, and the entrance direction is the same as the train operation direction, and the speed is lower. When the horizontal grille is assembled, the airflow concentrates on the right side of the grille region, and the entrance direction is opposite to the train operation direction, and the speed is higher. By comparing the mass flow rate and the airflow velocity in the equipment cabin, it is found that the ventilation performance is better when the horizontal grille is assembled.

关 键 词：格栅 设备舱 风洞 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U264.0[机械工程—车辆工程]