中国物权变动模式的实然与应然  

Reality and Ideal of China’s Real Right Change Modes

作　　者：叶名怡[1] YE Mingyi

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2024年第1期122-140,共19页China Law Review

摘　　要：对于现行法确立的物权变动之形式主义,至少有五种解释论。解释论对揭示我国实然物权变动模式的作用相当有限,但有两点相对清楚:其一,现行法多处明确规定有因原则;其二,现行法要求不动产登记申请中包含意思表示。自审判实务而言,有因原则普遍被各级法院所认可,同时很多判决点明登记合意、交付合意及物权变动合意。从应然角度看,但凡采形式主义,买卖合同的清偿就不可能是纯粹事实行为,它必然含有或伴有主观意思,具体包括公示合意(登记合意或交付合意)、清偿意思(清偿决定)以及物权变动意思;物权变动意思不仅是事实因素,而且是规范要素。物权合意在不动产物权变动以及采登记生效主义的无体财产权转让中,体现在登记申请,在动产交易中体现在交付,在合意主义模式下则与债权合意合体存在。有因原则对出卖人保护更有利,“对称说”不能成立;于交易安全而言,善意取得制度要比无因原则更科学精准。物权行为独立性的意义主要在于,鉴于其作为物权变动要件之一,应单独考察其成立与效力。总体而言,借鉴瑞士法和奥地利法,采有因物权形式主义,承认一种有节制的物权行为理论,更契合我国实证法,是解释论上的最佳选择。There are at least five interpretive theories of the formalism of real right change established by the current law.The interpretive theories have a rather limited role in revealing the reality of the mode of real right change in China,but two points are relatively clear:firstly,the principle of causation is explicitly stipulated in many places in the current law;secondly,the current law requires that the expression of intent should be included in the application for registration of real estate.In terms of trial practice,the principle of causation is generally recognized by the courts at all levels,while many judgments specify the agreement of registration or delivery.From the idealistic point of view,but where the formalism,the contract of sale of liquidation cannot be a purely factual behavior,it must contain or accompanied by subjective meaning,including public agreement(registration or delivery of consent),intent of liquidation and intent of real right change;intent of real right change is not only factual,but also normative elements.Agreement to the real right change in real property and the transfer of incorporeal property rights under the registration validity doctrine is embodied in the application for registration,in movable property transactions in delivery,and under the consensualist mode in conjunction with the agreement to the claim.The principle of causation is more favorable to the protection of the seller,and the“symmetry theory”cannot be established;in terms of transaction security,the system of good faith acquisition is more scientific and precise than the principle of causation.The significance of the independence of the juridical act of real right lies mainly in the fact that,in view of the fact that it is one of the elements of the change of real right,its establishment and effectiveness should be examined separately.On the whole,drawing on Swiss and Austrian law,adopting the formalism of causal act of real right and recognizing a theory of juridical act of real right with moderation are m

关 键 词：物权变动 物权形式主义 债权形式主义 物权行为理论 有因原则 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]