世界优秀男子跳远运动员助跑与起跳技术运动生物力学分析——以2017年伦敦世界田径锦标赛为例  

Analysis on Sports Biomechanics of Approach andTake-off Technique for The World Elite Males Long Jumpers--Take the 2017 IAAF World Athletics Championships as an Example

作　　者：温杰 WEN Jie(School of Physical Education,Minzu Normal University of Xingyi,Xingy,Guizhou 562400)

机构地区：[1]兴义民族师范学院体育学院,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《兴义民族师范学院学报》2024年第1期51-59,共9页Journal of Minzu Normal University of Xingyi

摘　　要：世界优秀跳远运动员后三步基本都呈现出“中-大-小”的变化趋势,助跑速度与跳远成绩呈高度相关性。世界优秀跳远运动员腾起角度呈增大趋势;离板瞬间运动员身体重心与垂直面夹角过大或过小都会影响运动员速度能力的发挥。着板瞬间膝关节角度、最大缓冲时刻膝关节角度和膝关节角度呈现出不同的技术特点,由于精英运动员技术风格和动作节奏不同,膝关节角度变化较大,垂直分速度较小,但下压扒地积极,技术动作的转换速度较快,对成绩影响较小;水平较差的运动员离板瞬间水平速度较小,缓冲时间较长,肌肉拉伸过度或不足,造成垂直分速度增加,向前性不足,影响比赛成绩。The last three steps of the world's excellent long jump athletes show a trend of"Medium-Large-Small",and the approach speed is highly correlated with the long jump performance.The world's top long jump athletes are showing an increasing trend in their takeoff angles;The angle between the athlete's body center of gravity and the vertical plane at the moment of departure is too large or too small,which can affect the athlete's speed ability.The knee joint angles at the moment of landing and at the maximum buffering time show different technical characteristics.Due to the different technical styles and movement rhythms of elite athletes,the knee joint angle changes greatly and the vertical speed is small.However,the downward pressure is active,and the conversion speed of technical movements is fast,which has a relatively small impact on performance.Athletes with lower horizontal speed and longer buffering time when they leave the board,will cause excessive or insufficient muscle stretching,which results an increase in vertical speed and insufficient forward movement and affects competition results.

关 键 词：跳远 助跑 起跳技术 运动生物力学 

分 类 号：G652[文化科学—教育学] G82