排污权交易制度是否影响了企业劳动力雇佣结构?--来自中国上市公司SO_(2)排放企业的证据  

Does the Emissions Trading Program Affect the Structure of Labor Force Employed by Enterprises?——Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies with SO_(2) Emission

作　　者：吕康娟[1] 朱四伟 潘敏杰 黄敏 Lu Kangjuan;Zhu Siwei;Pan Minjie;Huang Min(SILC Business School,Shanghai University,Shanghai 201899;School of Economics,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444;Business School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]上海大学悉尼工商学院,上海201899 [2]上海大学经济学院,上海200444 [3]中国人民大学商学院,北京100872

出　　处：《管理评论》2023年第12期239-256,共18页Management Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71774108);上海市哲学社会科学规划专项课题(2023VZH035);国家社科基金重点项目(23AZD056)。

摘　　要：市场型环境规制是解决环境外部性的有效手段,评估环境规制对社会效应的潜在影响是环境政策评估的重要内容。本文基于波特假说、制度遵循成本理论和外部性理论,以及结合局部静态均衡模型探究环境监管对企业劳动力雇佣结构的影响,并探究其影响机制。以2007年SO_(2)排放权交易试点政策为准自然实验,通过对2004-2018年中国A股SO_(2)排放企业观测,运用双重差分法揭示了排污权交易制度对企业劳动力雇佣结构的影响。SO_(2)排放权交易制度对企业劳动力雇佣具有显著的抑制效果,且年度效应呈现逐年递增的趋势。进一步分析发现,排污权交易制度对低技能劳动力具有偏向影响,显著减少了被监管企业对低技能劳动力的需求,引致企业劳动力质量结构向高层次转化。此外,排污权交易制度通过提高企业劳动生产率和提高劳动力价格水平对企业劳动力雇佣产生消极影响。排污权交易制度对企业劳动力雇佣结构的影响具有显著的异质性,受到环境执法力度、行业集中度和企业所有权性质的影响,排污权交易制度主要通过抑制企业低技能劳动力需求对雇佣结构产生影响。本文的发现为进一步全面铺开SO_(2)排放权交易制度和保障低技能劳动力就业提供了重要的政策启示。Market-based environmental regulation is an effective means to address environmental externalities,and assessing the potential impact of environmental regulation on social effects is an important element of environmental policy assessment.We explore the impact of environmental regulation on companies'labor force hiring structure based on Porter's hypothesis,institutional compliance cost theory and externality theory,as well as combining local static equilibrium models,and explore the impact mechanisms involved.Taking the SO,emissions trading program as a quasi-natural experiment,we use DID to reveal the impact of the emissions trading program on com-panies'labor force hiring structure by observing the SO_(2) emiting firms that were A-share listed from 2004 to 2018.the S0_(2)emissions trading program has a significant inhibitory effect on enterprises labor hiring,and the annual effect shows an increasing trend from year to year.Further analysis reveals that the emissions trading program has a biasing effect on low-skilled labor force,which significantly re-duces the demand for low-skilled labor in regulated enterprises and leads to a shift in the quality structure of the enterprise labor force to higher levels.In addition,the emissions trading program has a negative impact on labor force hiring by increasing labor productivity and labor price levels.The impact of the emissions trading program on the employment structure of companies'labor force is significantly het-erogeneous,influenced by the strength of environmental enforcement,industry concentration and the nature of firm ownership.The find-ings of this paper provide important policy implications for further full-scale rollout of the SO_(2)emissions trading program and securing em-ployment of low-skilled labor.

关 键 词：排污权交易制度 劳动力雇佣结构 低技能劳动力 劳动生产率 双重差分 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] F832.5[经济管理—国民经济] F832.51