玉米-大豆轮作体系下连续4年增施有机肥对玉米产量和子粒品质的影响  

Effects of Increased Application of Organic Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Grain Quality under Maize-Soybean Rotation System for Four-Year Consecutive

作　　者：包文彬 王春雨 谢志煌 李彦生[2] 张兴义[2] 刘晓冰[1,2] BAO Wen-bin;WANG Chun-yu;XIE Zhi-huang;LI Yan-sheng;ZHANG Xing-yi;LIU Xiao-bing(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150081;854 Farm Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group Co.,Ltd.,Hulin 158403,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室,哈尔滨150081 [3]黑龙江北大荒农业股份有限公司八五四分公司,黑龙江虎林158403

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第1期130-140,共11页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题-侵蚀退化农田生态生产功能重建机制和提升关键技术与示范(2021YFD1500803)。

摘　　要：利用典型黑土区玉米-大豆轮作定位试验,设5个处理,即不施肥(NoF)、玉米连作正常施用化肥(LZ)、玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥(CF)、玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥+15000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(CF+15T)和玉米-大豆轮作正常施用化肥+30000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥(CF+30T),研究连续4年增施有机肥后对玉米产量及构成要素和子粒中蛋白质、氨基酸、可溶性糖、淀粉、矿质营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,同CF处理相比,LZ处理玉米产量比CF处理降低15%,连续4年增施有机肥后玉米产量呈增加趋势,CF+15T处理和CF+30T处理玉米产量比CF处理高8.8%和13%。单施化肥处理下连作与轮作玉米子粒品质指标差异不大,轮作处理后连续4年增施有机肥处理的玉米子粒中游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和淀粉含量随着施用有机肥的量增加而增加,对玉米子粒蛋白质含量影响不大。同LZ和CF处理相比,连续4年增施有机肥显著提高玉米子粒中K、Na、Mg和P含量,Ca、Mn、Fe和Zn含量无显著变化。因此,黑土区玉米连作减产,对品质影响不大。玉米-大豆轮作制度下连续4年增施15000 kg/hm^(2)有机肥提高玉米产量,是促进子粒淀粉、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、K、Na、Mg和P积累的有效措施之一。This study evaluated the effects of cattle manure on maize yield and grain quality in a Mollisol re⁃gion with five treatments:NoF(no fertilizer),LZ(chemical fertilizer,no manure,continuous cropping),CF(chemical fertilizer,no manure,soybean-maize rotation),CF+15T(CF plus 15000 kg/ha of manure),and CF+30T(CF plus 30000 kg/ha of manure).The results showed that LZ reduced maize yield by 15%compared to CF,while CF+15T and CF+30T increased yields by 8.8%and 13%,respectively.In the soybean-maize rotation,manure addition raised the levels of free amino acids,soluble sugar,and starch in maize grains,with no impact on protein content.Four years of manure application significantly increased K,Na,Mg,and P levels but did not affect Ca,Mn,Fe,and Zn in maize grains.Therefore,continuous cropping in Mollisols reduces maize yield but not nutritional quality,while adding 15000 kg/ha of manure under soybean-maize rotation enhances yield,starch,free amino acids,solu⁃ble sugar,and minerals like K,Na,Mg,and P in maize grains.

关 键 词：玉米 玉米-大豆轮作 增施有机肥 营养品质 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]