《四库全书总目》的墨学批评  

Criticism of Mohism in The General Catalogue of Complete Library in the Four Branches of Litera

作　　者：何宗美[1] 何素婷 He Zongmei;He Suting

机构地区：[1]西南大学文学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆师范大学文学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第2期126-136,168,共12页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“《四库全书总目》子部提要考辨与学术批评还原研究”(17AZW012)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“墨入杂家”“墨为杂学”“以佛为墨”“墨为异端”,形成了《四库全书总目》对墨家、墨学在目录体系和思想体系的一次官学定位。“墨入杂家”,确立墨家的目录归属,此类例之法是《总目》“以儒为尊”观念下的目录归属和思想判定。“墨归杂学”,判别墨家的性质,墨学属于“小杂学”范畴之“变儒本原者”,此定性自《总目》始。“以佛为墨”,揭示墨与佛相同的异端性质,既是佛、墨一体的认识结果,亦是《总目》实现异端批判的重要策略。“墨为异端”,体现墨学批评的实质即异端批评,其所谓“墨”者是一个多义项,并非只是墨家、墨学之义,而是泛指各种异端。《总目》的墨学批评虽属于儒家本位主义,亦不免官学色彩,但仍然是对墨学接受和评价的一种独特声音,也是墨学学术史的重要一环,值得当今研究者正视。“Mohism into the Eclectics”,“Mohism as the Eclectics”,“Buddhism as Mohism”,and“Mohism as Heresy”form the basis of the official position of Mohist and Mohism in the catalog system and ideological system in The General Catalogue of Complete Library in the Four Branches of Literature.“Mohism into the Eclectics”established the catalog attribution of the Mohist,which is the catalog attribution and ideological judgment under the concept of“Confucianism as the supremacy”in the General Catalogue.“Mohism as the Eclectics”identifies the nature of the Mohism.Mohism belonging to the category of the transformative primitive Confucianism within the scope of the Eclectics in the narrower sense,which originated from the General Catalogue.“Buddha as Mohism”reveals the same heretical nature of Mohism and Buddha,which is not only the result of the recognition of the unity of Buddha and Mohism,but also an important strategy for the realization of the heretical criticism in the General Catalogue.“Mohism is a heresy”embodied the essence of the criticism of Mohism,i.e.,the criticism of heresy,and the so-called Mohism is a polysemous term,not just the meaning of Mohist and Mohism,but a general reference to all kinds of heresies.Although the criticism of Mohism in the General Catalogue upholds Confucian centrism,also with the color of officialism,it is still a unique voice in the acceptance and evaluation of Mohism,and an important part of the academic history of Mohism,which deserves attention so far.

关 键 词：《四库全书总目》 墨学批评 墨入杂家 墨为杂学 以佛为墨 墨为异端 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学] G257[文化科学—图书馆学]