人类世人类学的可持续性  

The Sustainability of an Anthropology of the Anthropocene

作　　者：托马斯·许兰德·埃里克森 卞思梅(译) 彭文斌(校) Thomas Hylland Eriksen;BIAN Simei;Peng Wenbin(Department of Social Anthropology,University of Oslo,0317 Oslo,Norway;School of International Studies,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China;Department of Cultural Industry Management,Sichuan Normal University,Suining 629205,China)

机构地区：[1]奥斯陆大学社会人类学系,挪威奥斯陆0317 [2]四川大学国际关系学院,四川成都610064 [3]四川师范大学文化产业管理系,四川遂宁629205

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期104-114,共11页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：四川大学创新火花项目库“‘本体论’视野下川西北山地社会人与自然关系的人类学研究”(2019hhs-07)。

摘　　要：早期社会与文化人类学所研究的社会都被默认为我们现在所称的可持续性社会,因为它们被认为能够无限地复制自己,并且只会逐渐地,几乎难以被察觉地发生改变。变化也被认为是由外生因素引起的,如殖民主义。这与当代人类学实践和理论的对比显著:人类世人类学将全球化当作一种事实,认为社会是相互联系的,文化是无界的,对可持续性的威胁主要是从生态破坏和气候变化的角度来概念化的。可持续发展的概念于1987年被提出,之后在联合国可持续发展目标中得到了详细阐述,其与当代人类学的全球视野一致,但以经济增长为前提,并将文化多样性纳入其中。对于这一论述及其相关实践,人类学正在做出重大贡献,它从一个世纪前取得的方法论进步中获益,将民族志置于全球人类世的背景中,用学科工具来批判轻率的普遍主义,与地方世界进行对话并呈现了许多替代性选择。虽然为研究表面不变的乡村社会而设计的方法论对研究全球危机仍具意义,但新人类学必然是跨学科的。The societies studied in early social and cultural anthropology were by default considered what we would now call sustainable,in that they were assumed to be capable of reproducing themselves indefinitely,changing only incrementally and almost imperceptibly.Change was considered to be caused by exogenous factors such as colonialism.The contrast with the contemporary practices and theories of anthropology is striking:The anthropology of the Anthropocene accepts globalisation as a fact,seeing societies as interlinked and culture as unbounded,and threats to sustainability are mainly conceptualised in terms of ecological devastation and climate change.The notion of sustainable development,introduced in 1987 and later elaborated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals,shares the global vision of contemporary anthropology but presupposes economic growth and brackets cultural diversity.To this discourse and its associated practices,anthropology is making major contributions,profiting from the methodological advances made a century ago,but contextualising ethnography in the global Anthropocene,using the tools of the discipline to critique facile universalism,engaging in dialogue with local worlds and showing that there are many alternatives.The methodologies devised for research in ostensibly unchanging village societies are still relevant for research on global crises,but the new anthropology is by necessity interdisciplinary.

关 键 词：人类世 过热 人类学史 民族志方法 可持续性 

分 类 号：Q98[生物学—人类学]