苗语母语者普通话声调感知研究  

A Perceptual Study on Mandarin Tones by Native Hmong Speakers

作　　者：陆尧 孔江平[1] LU Yao;KONG Jiangping

机构地区：[1]北京大学语言学实验室/北京大学中国语言文学系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言文字应用》2023年第4期82-92,共11页Applied Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中华民族语言文字接触交融研究”(22&ZD213);北京大学引导专项“国家通用语言感知研究”(7101303305)的资助。

摘　　要：文章通过语音感知实验,探讨了石门坎苗语母语者对普通话声调的感知情况,并与普通话母语者感知结果进行对比。结果显示,苗语母语被试对普通话各声调对立组的感知范畴化水平整体低于普通话母语被试,他们对T2-T3声调对立组未能建立起范畴感知,对包含T3的声调对立组感知范畴化程度更低,感知T4的范畴显著小于普通话被试。由此可见,苗语声调系统中降调的复杂性以及曲拱调的缺失对被试感知普通话声调有一定的影响。更为复杂的母语声调经验,也并没有显著提高被试感知二语声调的范畴化程度。因此,在苗族地区进行国家通用语言文字的教学和推广时,声调教学尤其是T3和T4声调的教学仍然是一个值得关注的重点和难点。This paper investigates how the Shimenkan Hmong speakers perceive Mandarin tones compared to native Mandarin speakers through tone perception experiments.The results showed that the perceived categorization level of Hmong native speakers towards the Mandarin tone contrast groups was generally lower than that of Mandarin native speakers.They failed to establish categorial perception towards the T2-T3 tone contrast group and had a lower level of categorial perception towards the tone contrast group containing T3.The categorial perception of T4 was significantly lower than that of Mandarin speakers.The complexity of failing tones in the Hmong tone system and the absence of contour tones had a certain impact on the perception of Mandarin tones by the participants.The more complex experience of mother tongue tones did not significantly improve the categorization level of second language tones perceived by the participants.Therefore,tone teaching,especially how to teach T3 and T4 is still an important and difficult point in the promotion of Mandarin in the Hmong area.

关 键 词：普通话声调 范畴感知 石门坎苗语 语言经验 

分 类 号：H01[语言文字—语言学]