竞争情境下奖赏动机对自我欺骗的影响:眼动证据  

The Effects of Competitive Situations and RewardMotivation on Self-Deception: Evidence From EyeMovements

作　　者：范伟[1,2] 杨颖 董艳秋 张文洁 Fan Wei;Yang Ying;Dong Yanqiu;Zhang Wenjie(Department of Psychology,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081;Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Changsha,410081;Department of Preschool Education,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院心理系,长沙410081 [2]认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室,长沙410081 [3]湖南师范大学教育科学学院学前教育系,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理科学》2024年第2期411-423,共13页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32371126);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2022JJ30378);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20230487)的资助。

摘　　要：为了探讨奖赏动机和竞争情境对自我欺骗的影响,实验1采用前瞻范式探索自我欺骗效应及奖赏动机对自我欺骗的影响,实验2探讨奖赏动机和竞争情境对自我欺骗的影响,实验3采用眼动技术探讨两者对自我欺骗的视觉认知机制。结果发现:(1)相比较无答案组,有答案组在金钱奖赏下的预测成绩更加接近真实水平;(2)竞争和奖赏产生的合力增加了自我欺骗;(3)相比较仅被启动奖赏动机或竞争情境的被试,奖赏-竞争组在True和False兴趣区的平均注视时间更短,自我欺骗行为增加。这些结果表明金钱激励诱发的奖赏动机减少自我欺骗程度,但竞争情境能促进自我欺骗发生。Self-deception permeates social communication in domains such as finance,medicine,politics,and religion.It is intricately connected to human self-perception and emotional well-being.Self-deception occurs when one convinces oneself of an opinion that contradicts their existing beliefs,persisting in a positive belief despite of evidence to the contrary.When individuals encounter interpersonal competition,time constraints,or the potential for increased benefits,they tend to focus on their own abilities using cognitive strategies(e.g.,self-suggestion and self-deception).This approach enhances motivation and performance andleads to success in competitive situations.Self-deception can stem from internal motivations,such as the pursuit of achievement,power,aesthetics,and personal growth.It can also arise from external motivations,including monetary gains,basic needs,reputation,and challenging circumstances.Previous studies examining the impact of motivation on self-deception did not incorporate any social context.However,according to the Social Influence Theory,individuals'survival within society is inevitably shaped by the influence of others.When a monetary reward is placed within a competitive backdrop,it is likely to exert a greater influence on individuals'tendencies towards self-deception.This study examined the impact of reward motivation and competitive situations on self-deception.Experiment 1a investigated the influence of self-deception using the prospective paradigm.The findings revealed that participants in the answer prompt group exhibited higher scores in the first stage and higher predicted scores in the second stage(self-deception)compared to those in the no-answer prompt group.Experiment 1b investigated the impact of reward motivation on self-deception.The results indicated that participants in the motivation group had lower prediction scores in the second stage,indicating a decrease in self-deception,when compared to the group without motivation.Experiment 2 examined the impact of reward motivation an

关 键 词：自我欺骗 奖赏动机 竞争情境 前瞻范式 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]