内蒙古东部肉牛主产区牛肉品质和脂肪特性研究  

Study on the Meat Quality and Fat Characteristics of Mongolian and Simmental Cattle in the Main Beef Producing Areas of Eastern Inner Mongolia

作　　者：王莉梅 李九月 田丰 张海鹰 郑海英 薛树媛 WANG Limei;LI Jiuyue;TIAN Feng;ZHANG Haiying;ZHENG Haiying;XUE Shuyuan(Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Academy,Hohhot 010031;Tongliao Agricultural and animal Husbandry Research Institute,Hohhot 028000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [2]通辽市农牧科学研究所,通辽028000

出　　处：《食品工业》2024年第2期340-346,共7页The Food Industry

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系兴安盟综合试验站(CARS-02-47);内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2021CXJJM08)。

摘　　要：选择体重相近的锡林郭勒盟放牧条件下西门塔尔牛和蒙古牛、通辽地区舍饲条件下西门塔尔牛各5头分析肉品质和脂肪特性。结果表明:放牧西门塔尔牛和放牧蒙古牛背最长肌和皮下脂肪黄度值(b*值)和熟肉率均显著高于舍饲西门塔尔(P<0.05);舍饲西门塔尔牛必需氨基酸和婴儿必需氨基酸显著高于放牧蒙古牛(P<0.05),蒙古牛鲜味氨基酸显著高于放牧西门塔尔牛(P<0.05);肌肉组织脂肪酸而言,放牧蒙古牛饱和脂肪酸显著高于舍饲西门塔尔牛(P<0.05)。就单不饱和脂肪酸而言,放牧西门塔尔牛和蒙古牛显著高于舍饲西门塔尔牛(P<0.05)。就多不饱和脂肪酸而言,舍饲西门塔尔牛显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。从肌肉肉品质和脂肪特性综合考虑,舍饲西门塔尔牛相比放牧西门塔尔牛具有更高的营养价值,而与舍饲相比放牧方式表现出较优的风味前体物质油酸和亚麻酸趋势。放牧方式下蒙古牛鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于西门塔尔牛。Five Simmental cattle and five Mongolian cattle were selected under grazing conditions in Xilinguole League and five Simmental cattle under house feeding conditions in Tongliao were selected to analyze the meat quality and fat characteristics.The results showed that the yellowness value(b*value)of longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous fat,and the cooked meat rate of grazing Simmental cattle and grazing Mongolian cattle were significantly higher than those of house feeding Simmental cattle(P<0.05);The essential amino acids and infant essential amino acids of Simmental cattle in house feeding were significantly higher than those of Mongolian cattle in grazing(P<0.05).The umami amino acid content of grazing Mongolian cattle was significantly higher than that of grazing Simmental cattle(P<0.05);As for the fatty acids of muscle tissue,the saturated fatty acids of grazing Mongolian cattle were significantly higher than those of Simmental cattle in house feeding(P<0.05).In term of monounsaturated fatty acids,grazing Simmental cattle and Mongolian cattle were significantly higher than Simmental cattle in house feeding(P<0.05).In terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids,house feeding Simmental cattle was significantly higher than the other two groups(P<0.05).Taking into account meat quality and fat characteristics,house feeding Simmental cattle had higher nutritional value compared to grazing Simmental cattle,and grazing method showed a better trend in flavor precursor substances such as oleic acid and linolenic acid compared to house feeding method.

关 键 词：蒙古牛 西门塔尔牛 饲养方式 黄膘脂肪 肉品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]