野生和养殖绿鳍马面鲀肌肉品质及肠道菌群的比较  

Comparison of Muscle Quality and Intestinal Microflora between Wild and Cultured Thamnaconus septentrionalis

作　　者：李晓璐[1] 刘妍[1] 杨懋勋 赵珂 李向丽[1] LI Xiaolu;LIU Yan;YANG Maoxun;ZHAO Ke;LI Xiangli(Department of Health Industry,Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic,Zhongshan 528436,China;Guangdong Zhanjiang Institute of Marine Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Dongguan 523808,China;College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]中山火炬职业技术学院健康产业学院,广东中山528436 [2]广东药科大学广东湛江海洋医药研究院,广东东莞523808 [3]四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《保鲜与加工》2024年第3期71-81,共11页Storage and Process

基　　金：广东省教育厅重点领域专项项目(2020ZDZXI091);广东省教育厅普通高校创新团队项目(2021KCTD070);中山市科技局社会公益与基础研究项目(2021B2054)。

摘　　要：为更好地对绿鳍马面鲀养殖进行管理,比较研究了野生和养殖绿鳍马面鲀的肌肉品质与肠道微生物菌群的结构差异性。结果表明:野生绿鳍马面鲀的肌肉持水、持鲜、抗腐能力均优于养殖绿鳍马面鲀;野生和养殖绿鳍马面鲀肌肉的氨基酸组成及含量差异不显著,但野生绿鳍马面鲀多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于养殖绿鳍马面鲀。绿鳍马面鲀肠道中变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为优势细菌门,子囊菌门为优势真菌门;优杆菌属、支原体-f-未分级、乳酸杆菌属、短波单胞菌属为优势细菌属,酵母菌属为优势真菌属。养殖环境下的绿鳍马面鲀肠道菌群结构及相对丰度与野生环境的绿鳍马面鲀相比已发生明显变化:在门水平下,细菌拟杆菌门和梭菌门在养殖绿鳍马面鲀中的相对丰度低于野生绿鳍马面鲀,真菌担子菌门和壶菌门在养殖绿鳍马面鲀中的相对丰度高于野生绿鳍马面鲀;在属水平下,黄杆菌属和不动杆菌属在养殖绿鳍马面鲀中的相对丰度高于野生绿鳍马面鲀,而支原体则低于野生绿鳍马面鲀,酵母属在养殖绿鳍马面鲀中的相对丰度低于野生绿鳍马面鲀,根霉属和曲霉属则高于野生绿鳍马面鲀。和养殖绿鳍马面鲀相比,野生绿鳍马面鲀肌肉更为多汁鲜嫩且必需氨基酸、必需脂肪酸含量更高;养殖环境让绿鳍马面鲀的肠道菌群在门水平和属水平下均发生了改变。研究结果可为后续绿鳍马面鲀肠道微生物的研究和养殖管理提供基础数据和参考。In order to better manage the breeding of Thamnaconus septentrionalis,the structure differences of muscle quality and gut microbial flora between wild and cultured Thamnaconus septentrionalis were compared.The results showed that the holding water,holding fresh,rot resistance ability of the wild between wild and cultured Thamnaconus septentrionalis was better than that of breeding Thamnaconus septentrionalis,the difference in amino acid composition and content was not significant for both Thamnaconus septentrionalis,while the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of wild Thamnaconus septentrionalis was significantly higher than breeding fish(P<0.05).The dominant intestinal bacterial phylum in Thamnaconus septentrionalis was Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinobacteriota,and Bacteroidota,and Ascomycota was the predominant fungal phylum.Eubacterium,Norank-f-Mycoplasmataceae,Lactobacillus and Brevundimionas were the dominant intestinal bacterial genus,and Saccharomyces was the dominant fungal genus.The structure and relative of intestinal flora in the breeding environment changed significantly compared with those in the wild environment.At phylum level,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria in cultured Thamnaconus septentrionalis was significantly lower than in wild ones,while the relative abundance of Fungal Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota was higher than that in wild ones.At genus level,the relative abundance of Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter in the cultured Thamnaconus septentrionalis was higher than that in the wild Thamnaconus septentrionalis,Rhizopus was significantly higher than the wild,while the relative abundance of Mycoplasmataceae was significantly lower than wild Thamnaconus septentrionalis,and Saccharomyces and Aspergilus were lower than the wild.Compared with cultured Thamnaconus septentrionalis,the muscles of wild Thamnaconus septentrionalis are more juicy,tender,and have higher levels of essential amino acids and fatty acids.The breeding environment causes changes in the gut micro

关 键 词：绿鳍马面鲀 肌肉 品质 肠道微生物 环境 

分 类 号：TS254.4[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]