基于主成分分析法评价不同牧草营养成分饲用价值  

Evaluation of The Feeding Value of Different Forage Nutrients Based on The Principal Component Analysis Method

作　　者：田斌[1] 马超 耿怡雯 李文忠 张伟[2] 田文锦 周媛 陈国顺[2] TIAN Bin;MA Chao;GENG Yiwen;LI Wenzhong;ZHANG Wei;TIAN Wenjin;ZHOU Yuan;CHEN Guoshun(Zhuanglang County Agricultural Technology Popularization Center,Gansu Pingliang 744000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Lanzhou 730070,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Harvest Town,Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Minqin County,Gansu Wuwei 733307,China;Lvfengyuan Grass and Livestock Technology Co.,Ltd.,Gansu Hezuo 747000,China)

机构地区：[1]庄浪县农业技术推广中心,甘肃平凉744000 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]民勤县农业农村局收成镇畜牧兽医站,甘肃武威733307 [4]绿丰源草畜科技有限责任公司,甘肃合作747000

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第7期15-19,共5页Feed Industry

基　　金：兰州市人才创新创业项目专项—数字化无抗甘味畜产品生产技术成果应用与推广[23-3-110]。

摘　　要：为研究不同类型青贮牧草中营养成分价值,选取燕麦、箭舌豌豆、高粱、苜蓿4种牧草进行青贮,采用常规分析方法测定4种青贮牧草中的7种主要营养成分(干物质、水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷)以及酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素含量,测定4组青贮牧草体外营养消化率,利用主成分分析法和单因素方差分析对4种牧草进行饲用价值评价。结果显示:①青贮苜蓿中的干物质(DM)、钙(Ca)成分显著高于青贮燕麦、青贮箭舌豌豆以及青贮高粱(P<0.05);青贮高粱中性洗涤纤维(NDF)显著高于青贮箭舌豌豆(P<0.05),青贮苜蓿中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)显著高于其他3种青贮原料(P<0.05);青贮高粱的NDF_(12)、NDF_(24)以及NDF_(48)均显著高于青贮燕麦、青贮箭舌豌豆以及青贮苜蓿(P<0.05)。②经主成分分析,提出3个主成分,累积方差贡献率达到85.676%。4种青贮牧草营养价值优劣排序为:青贮苜蓿>青贮箭舌豌豆>青贮燕麦>青贮高粱,说明青贮苜蓿营养价值较高,具有良好饲用价值。使用主成分分析法评价青贮饲料的营养品质优劣,可为不同青贮牧草进一步合理开发提供理论依据。In order to study the nutritional value of different types of silage grasses,four types of grasses,oat,pea,sorghum,and alfalfa were selected for silage modulation.Conventional analysis methods were used to determine the dry matter,moisture,crude ash,crude egg white,crude fat,calcium,phosphorus,as well as the content of acidic washing fiber,neutral washing fiber,and acidic washing lignin in the seven main nutritional components of the four silage grasses,three sets of duplicate samples were taken from each group to determine the in vitro nutrient digestibility of the four silage herbages.Single factor analysis of variance and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the feeding value of the four herbages.The results showed that:①the dry matter(DM)and calcium(Ca)components in alfalfa silage were significantly higher than those in oat silage,pea silage and sorghum silage(P<0.05).The neu-tral detergent fiber(NDF)of sorghum silage was significantly higher than that of pea silage(P<0.05),and the acid detergent fiber(ADF)and acid detergent lignin(ADL)of alfalfa silage were sig-nificantly higher than those of other three silage raw materials(P<0.05).NDF_(12),NDF_(24) and NDF_(48) of silage sorghum were significantly higher than those of silage oat,silage arrow tongue pea and silage alfalfa(P<0.05).②After principal component analysis,three principal components were proposed,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 85.676%.The ranking of the nutritional value of the four silage grasses is as follows:silage alfalfa>arrow tongue pea>si-lage oats>silage sorghum,indicating that alfalfa has higher nutritional value and good feeding value among the four silage grasses.The use of principal component analysis to evaluate the nutritional quality of silage can provide a theoretical basis for the further rational development of different silage grasses.

关 键 词：青贮 牧草品种 营养成分含量 体外消化率 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学]