英国汉学家庄士敦道教思想述论  

British Sinologist Reginald Fleming Johnston's Studies on Taoism

作　　者：李博 Li Bo

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2024年第2期56-64,156,共10页International Sinology

摘　　要：庄士敦是近代英国百科全书式的汉学家,道教是其汉学研究的重要领域之一,道教思想散见于其汉学著述中。庄士敦对道教的起源、神仙谱系、教规教义等许多问题都有深入探讨。在道教起源问题上,庄士敦主张道教起源于民间方术,并称之为“大众道教”。在道教神仙谱系方面,庄士敦持“人文多神论”,认为道教神仙几乎都来源于历史人物,代表民间的一种英雄崇拜。在道教的教规教义方面,庄士敦认为教规教义具有象征性意义,其形式远远大于内容,这是统治阶级维持政治权威与等级制度的需要,也是中国人尊崇祖先、恪守传统的体现,同时也为世俗社会提供了一定的休闲与娱乐。其研究理论、研究方法比较新颖独特,研究视野比较开阔,对道教的发展与改革具有借鉴启发意义。Reginald Fleming Johnston(1874—1938) was a modern encyclopedic British Sinologist.Taoism was one of the important fields in his Sinology research,and Taoist ideas are scattered throughout his Sinological writings.Johnston has in-depth discussions on the origin of Taoism,the lineage of immortals,and the rules and doctrines of Taoism and many other issues.On the origin of Taoism,Johnston argues that Taoism originated from folk magic,and he calls it “public Taoism”(popular Taoism).In terms of the lineage of Taoist immortals,Johnston holds “humanistic polytheism”.He believes that almost all Taoist immortals came from historical figures,representing a kind of folk hero worship.In terms of the doctrine of Taoism,Johnston thinks that the doctrine has symbolic significance,and its form is far greater than its content.It is not only out of the need of the ruling class to maintain political authority and hierarchy,but also it is the embodiment of Chinese people's respect for their ancestors and adherence to tradition.The doctrine also provides a certain amount of leisure and entertainment for the secular society.His research theory and method are relatively new and distinctive,and his research vision is relatively broad,providing significant reference and an enlightenment for the development and reform of Taoism.

关 键 词：庄士敦 汉学家 道教 大众道教 新道家 

分 类 号：K207.8[历史地理—历史学]