同形异构的“该XX”构式的差异性  

Differences Between Homographic Patterns of the Construction of“Gai XX”

作　　者：朱敏[1,2] ZHU Min(International College of Chinese Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;Humanities and International School,Suzhou Industrial Park College of Vocational Technology,Suzhou 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海200234 [2]苏州工业园区职业技术学院人文与国际学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2024年第3期106-114,共9页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国语言学史(分类多卷本)”(16ZDA206)。

摘　　要：现代汉语由于缺少形态变化,存在大量的同形异构现象,现代汉语构式“该XX”就是其中的典型代表。基于构式的认知语法分析,可将“该XX”结构分为A、B两式。从句法形式看,同形异构的A、B两式在添加状语、所带宾语、能否充当定状语等方面有明显差异;从语义看,A式常常为实指或泛指,而B式则为遍指或定指;从语用表达功能看,A式体现了委婉语气和礼貌性,而B式则体现了强硬语气和要求性。构件“X”的多样性、语言经济性原则和构式压制促成了“该XX”同形异构现象的形成。厘清“该XX”A、B两式的差异及成因,对言语交际和汉语教学具有积极意义。The lack of morphological changes in modern Chinese result in a lot of homographic constructions whose typical representative is the construction of“gai XX”.Based on the cognitive grammar analysis of construction,this construction can be divided into homographic type A and type B.Syntactically,type A and type B have obvious differences in the adverbials to be added,the objects followed and serving as an attributives or adverbial.Semantically,type A usually refers to something particular or general,whereas type B refers to all or something specific.In terms of pragmatic function,type A is euphemistic and polite,whereas type B is tough and compulsory.This construction is formed because of the diversity of the component X,the economic principle of language,and construction coercion.The clarity of differences between and reasons for the two types of the construction of“gai XX”is of significance of verbal communication and Chinese teaching.

关 键 词：同形异构 “该XX” 构式 语言经济性原则 构式压制 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]